Abstract
Colletotrichum fructicola is a significant phytopathogen in both pre- and postharvest stages of fruit development and storage. The development of environmentally friendly biological control agents has attracted increasing research interest. In this study, we characterized a fungal strain ( Epicoccum layuense LQ) that strongly inhibits C. fructicola. A potato dextrose broth culture filtrate of strain LQ inhibited the vegetative growth of C. fructicola by approximately 80% at a 1:10 (vol/vol) dilution. Cytological observations revealed that the filtrate disrupted mitosis and cellular polarity during conidial germination. Furthermore, the culture filtrate effectively suppressed C. fructicola infection on both apple leaves and fruits. The fungal strain LQ was identified as E. layuense through integrated morphological characterization and multilocus phylogenetic analysis. Whole-genome sequencing of strain LQ identified 36 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), and subsequent gene synteny analysis demonstrated structural conservation in three BGCs homologous to known antifungal clusters. Notably, substitution of NaNO 3 with yeast extract in a Czapek–Dox medium enhanced the antifungal activity of the strain LQ filtrate by 14.2-fold. Consistent with this finding, transcriptomic profiling revealed significant upregulation of BGCs associated with epipyrone A and burnettramic acid A biosynthesis under a yeast extract supplementation condition. In sum, our results demonstrate the antagonistic potential of E. layuense LQ and identify two candidate BGCs that may mediate this biocontrol activity, which lays a foundation for further mechanism dissection.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
LQ filtrate inhibited C. fructicola vegetative growth by about 80% at a 1:10 dilution.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Interactor
- C. fructicola
_Figure_8.jpg?width=60)
Colletotrichum fructicolae0pathogen - Outcome
- vegetative growth of C. fructicolae0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- approximately 80%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Figure_8.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“A potato dextrose broth culture filtrate of strain LQ inhibited the vegetative growth of C. fructicola by approximately 80% at a 1:10 (vol/vol) dilution”
t0“apple leaves and fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
The filtrate disrupted mitosis and cell polarity during conidial germination.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- mitosis and cellular polarity during conidial germinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the filtrate disrupted mitosis and cellular polarity during conidial germination”
t0“apple leaves and fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
LQ filtrate suppressed C. fructicola infection on apple leaves and fruit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- culture filtratee0
- Interactor
- C. fructicolaColletotrichum fructicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- C. fructicola infectione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the culture filtrate effectively suppressed C. fructicola infection on both apple leaves and fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
The strain was identified as E. layuense.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- identified as E. layuensee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fungal strain LQ was identified as E. layuense through integrated morphological characterization and multilocus phylogenetic analysis”
t0“apple leaves and fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequencing identified 36 biosynthetic gene clusters in strain LQ.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs)e0
- Value
- 36e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whole-genome sequencing of strain LQ identified 36 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs)”
t0“apple leaves and fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Three BGCs had structural conservation with known antifungal clusters.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- structural conservatione0
- Value
- three BGCse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gene synteny analysis demonstrated structural conservation in three BGCs homologous to known antifungal clusters”
t0“apple leaves and fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Yeast extract substitution enhanced antifungal activity 14.2-fold.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- yeast extracte0
- Outcome
- antifungal activity of the strain LQ filtratee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 14.2-folde0
- Comparator
- NaNO 3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“substitution of NaNO 3 with yeast extract in a Czapek–Dox medium enhanced the antifungal activity of the strain LQ filtrate by 14.2-fold”
t0“apple leaves and fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Yeast extract supplementation significantly upregulated BGCs linked to epipyrone A and burnettramic acid A biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- yeast extract supplementatione0
- Outcome
- BGCs associated with epipyrone A and burnettramic acid A biosynthesise0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transcriptomic profiling revealed significant upregulation of BGCs associated with epipyrone A and burnettramic acid A biosynthesis under a yeast extract supplementation condition”
t0“apple leaves and fruits”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
35 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
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See all 39 papers →pathogen product · Colletotrichum fructicola · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.