Abstract
Elevated CO2 (eCO2) influences crop nutrition, but the impact of its interaction with soil amendments on selenium (Se) bioavailability is unclear. This study investigated how eCO2 (+200 ppm), biochar (BC, 1% w/w), and phosphate fertilizer (PF, 1 g kg−1) affect Se uptake in garlic—a model crop chosen for its efficiency in accumulating and transforming Se into bioactive forms. The results showed that eCO2 significantly enhanced garlic biomass by 19.1–34.2% and decreased soil pH by 0.05–0.13 units. Concurrently, eCO2 increased Se concentration in garlic tissues by 2.9–13.3% compared to ambient CO2 (aCO2). Biochar amendment reduced soil Se bioavailability, leading to a 15.2–22.8% decrease in garlic Se concentration under eCO2. In contrast, phosphate fertilizer enhanced Se bioavailability via competitive ligand exchange, increasing Se uptake by 18.7–31.4%. These findings demonstrate that PF can be strategically co-managed with eCO2 to optimize Se biofortification in garlic, providing a practical strategy to safeguard nutritional security under future climate scenarios.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased garlic biomass by 19.1–34.2%.
- Taxon
- garlic
Allium sativume0 - Treatment
- eCO2e0
- Outcome
- garlic biomasse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 19.1–34.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“eCO2 significantly enhanced garlic biomass by 19.1–34.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased soil pH by 0.05–0.13 units.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e1“eCO2 significantly enhanced garlic biomass by 19.1–34.2% and decreased soil pH by 0.05–0.13 units”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased selenium concentration in garlic tissues by 2.9–13.3% relative to ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume2
- Treatment
- eCO2e2
- Outcome
- Se concentration in garlic tissuese2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 2.9–13.3%e2
- Comparator
- ambient CO2e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“eCO2 increased Se concentration in garlic tissues by 2.9–13.3% compared to ambient CO2 (aCO2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar reduced soil selenium bioavailability.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e3“Biochar amendment reduced soil Se bioavailability”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar decreased garlic selenium concentration by 15.2–22.8% under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume4
- Treatment
- Biochar amendmente4
- Outcome
- garlic Se concentratione4
- Direction
- decreasee4
- Value
- 15.2–22.8%e4
- Qualifier
- under eCO2e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Biochar amendment reduced soil Se bioavailability, leading to a 15.2–22.8% decrease in garlic Se concentration under eCO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate fertilizer enhanced selenium bioavailability via competitive ligand exchange.
- Treatment
- phosphate fertilizere5
- Outcome
- Se bioavailabilitye5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Qualifier
- competitive ligand exchangee5
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e5“phosphate fertilizer enhanced Se bioavailability via competitive ligand exchange”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate fertilizer increased selenium uptake by 18.7–31.4%.
- Taxon
- GarlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- phosphate fertilizere6
- Outcome
- Se uptakee6
- Direction
- increasinge6
- Value
- 18.7–31.4%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“phosphate fertilizer enhanced Se bioavailability via competitive ligand exchange, increasing Se uptake by 18.7–31.4%”
t0“Garlic (Allium sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend managing phosphate fertilizer with elevated CO2 to optimize selenium biofortification in garlic.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume7
- Treatment
- PFe7
- Outcome
- Se biofortificatione7
- Qualifier
- co-managed with eCO2e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“PF can be strategically co-managed with eCO2 to optimize Se biofortification in garlic”
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See all 37 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.