Abstract
This one-year study evaluated the effects of integrated chemical (phosphate and phosphite) and biological (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; AMF) biostimulants on the postharvest performance of cut Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce Vita grown in soilless culture. The experiment was conducted as a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 29 phosphorus treatments applied via nutrient solution and foliar spray under both AMF-inoculated and non-inoculated conditions, with four replications per treatment. Preliminary optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) identified 17 treatments with the highest overall desirability for enhancing soluble sugars, total chlorophyll, protein, phenolics, and flavonoids. Postharvest analyses revealed that combined potassium-phosphite and phosphate treatments with AMF significantly improved relative solution uptake (RSU, 18-29%; P < 0.01), relative fresh weight (RFW, 21-28%; P < 0.01), and chlorophyll index (CI, 22-27%; P < 0.01), while reducing ion leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation compared to the control. Biochemical assays showed increases in soluble protein (up to 1.84 mg g⁻¹ FW), soluble sugars (up to 2.92 mg g⁻¹ FW), total phenolics (up to 2.99 mg gallic acid g⁻¹ FW), flavonoids (up to 0.384 mg quercetin g⁻¹ FW), and enhanced activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, APX, GPX, SOD; P < 0.01). Gene expression analyses confirmed upregulation of PAL and SOD, supporting enzymatic and molecular defense activation. These integrated treatments effectively delayed senescence, reduced neck bending, and extended vase life from 21 days in the control to 29 days in the optimal treatment (25% potassium-phosphite in nutrient solution combined with 50:50 foliar phosphate/phosphite plus AMF). Overall, the combined application of phosphite, phosphate, and AMF enhances physiological, biochemical, and molecular resilience in cut roses, providing a practical approach for improving postharvest quality.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatments improved relative solution uptake by 18-29% versus control.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce Vita
Rosa hybrid cultivare2 - Treatment
- combined potassium-phosphite and phosphate treatments with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- relative solution uptakee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 18-29%e0
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined potassium-phosphite and phosphate treatments with AMF significantly improved relative solution uptake (RSU, 18-29%; P < 0.01), relative fresh weight (RFW, 21-28%; P < 0.01), and chlorophyll index (CI, 22-27%; P < 0.01)”
e1“while reducing ion leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation compared to the control”
e2“cut Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce Vita”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatments improved relative fresh weight by 21-28% versus control.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce VitaRosa hybrid cultivare2
- Treatment
- combined potassium-phosphite and phosphate treatments with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- relative fresh weighte0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 21-28%e0
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined potassium-phosphite and phosphate treatments with AMF significantly improved relative solution uptake (RSU, 18-29%; P < 0.01), relative fresh weight (RFW, 21-28%; P < 0.01), and chlorophyll index (CI, 22-27%; P < 0.01)”
e1“while reducing ion leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation compared to the control”
e2“cut Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce Vita”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatments improved chlorophyll index by 22-27% versus control.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce VitaRosa hybrid cultivare2
- Treatment
- combined potassium-phosphite and phosphate treatments with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll indexe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 22-27%e0
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined potassium-phosphite and phosphate treatments with AMF significantly improved relative solution uptake (RSU, 18-29%; P < 0.01), relative fresh weight (RFW, 21-28%; P < 0.01), and chlorophyll index (CI, 22-27%; P < 0.01)”
e1“while reducing ion leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation compared to the control”
e2“cut Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce Vita”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatments reduced ion leakage, MDA and hydrogen peroxide accumulation versus control.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce VitaRosa hybrid cultivare2
- Treatment
- combined potassium-phosphite and phosphate treatments with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- ion leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulatione1
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined potassium-phosphite and phosphate treatments with AMF significantly improved”
e1“while reducing ion leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation compared to the control”
e2“cut Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce Vita”
Claim · model-written summary
soluble protein increased up to 1.84 mg g⁻¹ FW.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce VitaRosa hybrid cultivare1
- Treatment
- combined potassium-phosphite and phosphate treatments with AMFe2
- Interactor
- AMFe2symbiont
- Outcome
- soluble proteine0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 1.84 mg g⁻¹ FWe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochemical assays showed increases in soluble protein (up to 1.84 mg g⁻¹ FW), soluble sugars (up to 2.92 mg g⁻¹ FW), total phenolics (up to 2.99 mg gallic acid g⁻¹ FW), flavonoids (up to 0.384 mg quercetin g⁻¹ FW)”
e1“cut Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce Vita”
e2“combined potassium-phosphite and phosphate treatments with AMF”
Claim · model-written summary
soluble sugars increased up to 2.92 mg g⁻¹ FW.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce VitaRosa hybrid cultivare1
- Treatment
- combined potassium-phosphite and phosphate treatments with AMFe2
- Interactor
- AMFe2symbiont
- Outcome
- soluble sugarse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 2.92 mg g⁻¹ FWe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochemical assays showed increases in soluble protein (up to 1.84 mg g⁻¹ FW), soluble sugars (up to 2.92 mg g⁻¹ FW), total phenolics (up to 2.99 mg gallic acid g⁻¹ FW), flavonoids (up to 0.384 mg quercetin g⁻¹ FW)”
e1“cut Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce Vita”
e2“combined potassium-phosphite and phosphate treatments with AMF”
Claim · model-written summary
total phenolics increased up to 2.99 mg gallic acid g⁻¹ FW.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce VitaRosa hybrid cultivare1
- Treatment
- combined potassium-phosphite and phosphate treatments with AMFe2
- Interactor
- AMFe2symbiont
- Outcome
- total phenolicse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 2.99 mg gallic acid g⁻¹ FWe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochemical assays showed increases in soluble protein (up to 1.84 mg g⁻¹ FW), soluble sugars (up to 2.92 mg g⁻¹ FW), total phenolics (up to 2.99 mg gallic acid g⁻¹ FW), flavonoids (up to 0.384 mg quercetin g⁻¹ FW)”
e1“cut Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce Vita”
e2“combined potassium-phosphite and phosphate treatments with AMF”
Claim · model-written summary
flavonoids increased up to 0.384 mg quercetin g⁻¹ FW.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce VitaRosa hybrid cultivare1
- Treatment
- combined potassium-phosphite and phosphate treatments with AMFe2
- Interactor
- AMFe2symbiont
- Outcome
- flavonoidse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 0.384 mg quercetin g⁻¹ FWe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochemical assays showed increases in soluble protein (up to 1.84 mg g⁻¹ FW), soluble sugars (up to 2.92 mg g⁻¹ FW), total phenolics (up to 2.99 mg gallic acid g⁻¹ FW), flavonoids (up to 0.384 mg quercetin g⁻¹ FW)”
e1“cut Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce Vita”
e2“combined potassium-phosphite and phosphate treatments with AMF”
Claim · model-written summary
PAL and antioxidant enzyme activities increased.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce VitaRosa hybrid cultivare1
- Treatment
- combined potassium-phosphite and phosphate treatments with AMFe2
- Interactor
- AMFe2symbiont
- Outcome
- activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, APX, GPX, SOD; P < 0.01)”
e1“cut Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce Vita”
e2“combined potassium-phosphite and phosphate treatments with AMF”
Claim · model-written summary
PAL and SOD expression was upregulated.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce VitaRosa hybrid cultivare1
- Treatment
- combined potassium-phosphite and phosphate treatments with AMFe2
- Interactor
- AMFe2symbiont
- Gene
- PAL and SODe0
- Outcome
- Gene expressione0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gene expression analyses confirmed upregulation of PAL and SOD”
e1“cut Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce Vita”
e2“combined potassium-phosphite and phosphate treatments with AMF”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated treatments delayed senescence and reduced neck bending.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce VitaRosa hybrid cultivare1
- Treatment
- combined potassium-phosphite and phosphate treatments with AMFe2
- Interactor
- AMFe2symbiont
- Outcome
- senescencee0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These integrated treatments effectively delayed senescence, reduced neck bending”
e1“cut Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce Vita”
e2“combined potassium-phosphite and phosphate treatments with AMF”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal treatment extended vase life from 21 to 29 days.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce VitaRosa hybrid cultivare1
- Treatment
- 25% potassium-phosphite in nutrient solution combined with 50:50 foliar phosphate/phosphite plus AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- vase lifee0
- Direction
- extendede0
- Value
- 29 dayse0
- Qualifier
- 21 dayse0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“extended vase life from 21 days in the control to 29 days in the optimal treatment (25% potassium-phosphite in nutrient solution combined with 50:50 foliar phosphate/phosphite plus AMF)”
e1“cut Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce Vita”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · growth · Rosa hybrid cultivarPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
phosphorus · growth · Rosa hybrid cultivarPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
application · quality: postharvest · Rosa hybrid cultivarPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
fertilization · quality: postharvest · Rosa hybrid cultivarResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
potassium · quality: postharvest · Rosa hybrid cultivarResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
potassium · quality: phytochemicals · Rosa hybrid cultivarResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
potassium · growth · Rosa hybrid cultivarResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.