Abstract
AbstractIndiscriminate use of herbicides may raise human and animal health and environmental concerns due to residues on consumables and soil. Hence, field experiments were conducted during rabi season of 2021-22 and 2022-23 at PAU Ludhiana and KVK Sri Muktsar Sahib, Punjab, India. The objectives were to assess efficacy of metribuzin + clodinafop-propargyl (ready-mix) in managing weeds in wheat and quantify its residues retained in soil and in wheat produce. It involved spray of metribuzin and clodinafop-propargyl (ready-mix) at rates of 275, 220 and 165 g/ha along with unsprayed for weed management in surface seeded wheat. Metribuzin and clodinafop-propargyl at 275 and 220 g/ha significantly lowered weed density and biomass and improved wheat grain yield compared to its lowest dose of 165 g/ha and unsprayed control. Metribuzin and clodinafop-propargyl residues in soil and crop produce were assessed at harvest time and it was observed that their residue levels were below detectable limits (<0.01 µg/g) and below the maximum residue limit fixed by Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), indicating metribuzin + clodinafop-propargyl safety to use as an herbicide in wheat production and consumption of wheat produced after its usage.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
The 275 g/ha herbicide rate significantly lowered weed density and biomass against 165 g/ha and unsprayed control.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Metribuzin and clodinafop-propargyl at 275e0
- Outcome
- weed density and biomasse0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Comparator
- 165 g/ha and unsprayed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metribuzin and clodinafop-propargyl at 275 and 220 g/ha significantly lowered weed density and biomass and improved wheat grain yield compared to its lowest dose of 165 g/ha and unsprayed control”
t0“weeds in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The 220 g/ha herbicide rate significantly lowered weed density and biomass against 165 g/ha and unsprayed control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 220 g/hae0
- Outcome
- weed density and biomasse0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Comparator
- 165 g/ha and unsprayed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metribuzin and clodinafop-propargyl at 275 and 220 g/ha significantly lowered weed density and biomass and improved wheat grain yield compared to its lowest dose of 165 g/ha and unsprayed control”
t0“weeds in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The 275 g/ha rate improved wheat grain yield against 165 g/ha and unsprayed control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Metribuzin and clodinafop-propargyl at 275e0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- 165 g/ha and unsprayed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metribuzin and clodinafop-propargyl at 275 and 220 g/ha significantly lowered weed density and biomass and improved wheat grain yield compared to its lowest dose of 165 g/ha and unsprayed control”
Claim · model-written summary
The 220 g/ha rate improved wheat grain yield against 165 g/ha and unsprayed control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 220 g/hae0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- 165 g/ha and unsprayed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metribuzin and clodinafop-propargyl at 275 and 220 g/ha significantly lowered weed density and biomass and improved wheat grain yield compared to its lowest dose of 165 g/ha and unsprayed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin residues at harvest were below detection and regulatory limits.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Metribuzin and clodinafop-propargyl residues in soil and crop producee0
- Direction
- below detectable limitse0
- Value
- <0.01 µg/ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metribuzin and clodinafop-propargyl residues in soil and crop produce were assessed at harvest time and it was observed that their residue levels were below detectable limits (<0.01 µg/g) and below the maximum residue limit fixed by Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)”
t0“weeds in wheat”
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