Abstract
Converting marine biowaste into nano-bioproducts for their application as bio-sourced, circular biostimulants to enhance crop productivity is a promising approach. This study evaluated chitosan–TPP nanoparticles (nanochitosan, ~38 nm) derived from blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) shells as a soil-applied biostimulant and conditioner for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) grown in loam soil without mineral fertilizer. Our results showed that nanochitosan application as a soil supplement by drench improved the soil moisture content (39% vs. 22%), water-holding capacity (84% vs. 70%), total nitrogen (3.8 vs. 1.4 gm N kg−1), and organic carbon content (48.4 vs. 34.1 gm C kg−1) in nanochitosan-amended soil compared with the non-amended soil. This was accompanied by higher biomass, better root/shoot development and synthesis of phytohormones leading to increased shoot length, early flowering, and increased total soluble solids of fruits in nanochitosan-amended soil compared with control, suggesting that nanochitosan can act both as a beneficial soil conditioner and as a plant biostimulant. The results further show that nanochitosan-based formulations may be used not only as fertilizer-saving bio-inputs but also as bio-based nanochitosan plant biostimulants, which can partly substitute mineral fertilizer application for sustainable production of tomato. Moreover, generic fabrication of such nanochitosan from marine biowaste would support the circular-bioeconomy model to further improve sustainability of agroecosystems.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Nanochitosan increased soil moisture content from 22% to 39%.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- nanochitosan application as a soil supplement by drenche0
- Outcome
- soil moisture contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 39%e0
- Comparator
- 22%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nanochitosan application as a soil supplement by drench improved the soil moisture content (39% vs. 22%)”
t0“Tomato Cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanochitosan increased soil water-holding capacity from 70% to 84%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- nanochitosan application as a soil supplement by drenche0
- Outcome
- water-holding capacitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 84%e0
- Comparator
- 70%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nanochitosan application as a soil supplement by drench improved the soil moisture content (39% vs. 22%), water-holding capacity (84% vs. 70%)”
t0“Tomato Cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanochitosan increased soil total nitrogen from 1.4 to 3.8 gm N kg−1.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- nanochitosan-amended soile1
- Outcome
- total nitrogene0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 3.8 vs. 1.4 gm N kg−1e0
- Comparator
- non-amended soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total nitrogen (3.8 vs. 1.4 gm N kg−1)”
t0“Tomato Cultivation”
e1“nanochitosan-amended soil compared with the non-amended soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanochitosan increased soil organic carbon from 34.1 to 48.4 gm C kg−1.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- nanochitosan-amended soile1
- Outcome
- organic carbon contente0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 48.4 vs. 34.1 gm C kg−1e0
- Comparator
- non-amended soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic carbon content (48.4 vs. 34.1 gm C kg−1)”
t0“Tomato Cultivation”
e1“nanochitosan-amended soil compared with the non-amended soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanochitosan increased tomato biomass and improved root and shoot development.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- nanochitosan-amended soile0
- Outcome
- biomass, better root/shoot developmente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher biomass, better root/shoot development and synthesis of phytohormones leading to increased shoot length, early flowering, and increased total soluble solids of fruits in nanochitosan-amended soil compared with control”
t0“Tomato Cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanochitosan was associated with phytohormone synthesis.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- nanochitosan-amended soile0
- Outcome
- synthesis of phytohormonese0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“synthesis of phytohormones leading to increased shoot length, early flowering, and increased total soluble solids of fruits in nanochitosan-amended soil compared with control”
t0“Tomato Cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanochitosan increased tomato shoot length.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- nanochitosan-amended soile0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased shoot length, early flowering, and increased total soluble solids of fruits in nanochitosan-amended soil compared with control”
t0“Tomato Cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanochitosan caused earlier tomato flowering.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- nanochitosan-amended soile0
- Outcome
- early floweringe0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early flowering, and increased total soluble solids of fruits in nanochitosan-amended soil compared with control”
t0“Tomato Cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanochitosan increased tomato fruit total soluble solids.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- nanochitosan-amended soile0
- Outcome
- total soluble solids of fruitse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased total soluble solids of fruits in nanochitosan-amended soil compared with control”
t0“Tomato Cultivation”
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See all 9 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.