Abstract
Salinity is a major constraint to common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) productivity, yet sustainable mitigation strategies remain limited. Here, we evaluated the interactive effects of salinity stress (0–8 dS m− 1), and plant growth-promoting bacteria inoculations, including Phyllosphere strains (P1 and P2), and Rhizobium (RB), and their combinations (P1 + RB, P2 + RB) on two common bean cultivars (Almas and Pak). Salinity significantly reduced plant height, chlorophyll pigments (Chl a and Chl b), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and biomass, while elevating oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)] and antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT). Bacterial treatments, particularly P1 + RB treatment alleviated salinity-induced damage by reducing oxidative stress (up to 68.4%), enhancing ion homeostasis (lower Na⁺, higher K⁺ and Ca²⁺), and maintaining photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm). Almas exhibited greater tolerance than Pak, with lower MDA levels (21.7–25% reduction) and higher phenolic accumulation under stress. Together, these findings highlight the synergistic role of bacterial inoculants and cultivar selection in enhancing salinity tolerance, offering a promising strategy for improving legume resilience and productivity in saline agroecosystems.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced plant height and chlorophyll pigments of common bean.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- Salinitye1
- Outcome
- plant height, chlorophyll pigments (Chl a and Chl b)e1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Salinity significantly reduced plant height, chlorophyll pigments (Chl a and Chl b), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and biomass, while elevating oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)] and antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT)”
t0“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and biomass of common bean.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Salinitye1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Salinity significantly reduced plant height, chlorophyll pigments (Chl a and Chl b), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and biomass, while elevating oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)] and antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT)”
t0“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity elevated oxidative stress markers in common bean.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Salinitye1
- Outcome
- oxidative stress markerse1
- Direction
- elevatinge1
- Qualifier
- malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Salinity significantly reduced plant height, chlorophyll pigments (Chl a and Chl b), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and biomass, while elevating oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)] and antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT)”
t0“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity elevated antioxidant enzyme activity in common bean.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Salinitye1
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitye1
- Direction
- elevatinge1
- Qualifier
- SOD, CATe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Salinity significantly reduced plant height, chlorophyll pigments (Chl a and Chl b), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and biomass, while elevating oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)] and antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT)”
t0“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
The P1 + RB bacterial treatment reduced salinity-induced oxidative stress in common bean.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- P1 + RB treatmente2
- Interactor
- P1e2symbiont
- Second interactor
- RBe2symbiont
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse2
- Direction
- reducinge2
- Value
- 68.4%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Bacterial treatments, particularly P1 + RB treatment alleviated salinity-induced damage by reducing oxidative stress (up to 68.4%), enhancing ion homeostasis (lower Na⁺, higher K⁺ and Ca²⁺), and maintaining photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm)”
t0“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
The P1 + RB bacterial treatment lowered sodium (Na⁺) in common bean under salinity.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- P1 + RB treatmente2
- Interactor
- P1e2symbiont
- Second interactor
- RBe2symbiont
- Outcome
- Na⁺e2
- Direction
- lowere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Bacterial treatments, particularly P1 + RB treatment alleviated salinity-induced damage by reducing oxidative stress (up to 68.4%), enhancing ion homeostasis (lower Na⁺, higher K⁺ and Ca²⁺), and maintaining photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm)”
t0“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
The P1 + RB bacterial treatment raised potassium and calcium (K⁺ and Ca²⁺) in common bean under salinity.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- P1 + RB treatmente2
- Interactor
- P1e2symbiont
- Second interactor
- RBe2symbiont
- Outcome
- K⁺ and Ca²⁺e2
- Direction
- highere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Bacterial treatments, particularly P1 + RB treatment alleviated salinity-induced damage by reducing oxidative stress (up to 68.4%), enhancing ion homeostasis (lower Na⁺, higher K⁺ and Ca²⁺), and maintaining photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm)”
t0“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
The P1 + RB bacterial treatment maintained photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) of common bean under salinity.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- P1 + RB treatmente2
- Interactor
- P1e2symbiont
- Second interactor
- RBe2symbiont
- Outcome
- photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm)e2
- Direction
- maintaininge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Bacterial treatments, particularly P1 + RB treatment alleviated salinity-induced damage by reducing oxidative stress (up to 68.4%), enhancing ion homeostasis (lower Na⁺, higher K⁺ and Ca²⁺), and maintaining photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm)”
t0“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
Almas showed greater salinity tolerance than Pak.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- Almase3
- Outcome
- tolerancee3
- Direction
- greatere3
- Comparator
- Pake3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Almas exhibited greater tolerance than Pak, with lower MDA levels (21.7–25% reduction) and higher phenolic accumulation under stress”
t0“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
Almas had lower MDA levels than Pak under salinity.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- Almase3
- Outcome
- MDA levelse3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Value
- 21.7–25%e3
- Comparator
- Pake3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Almas exhibited greater tolerance than Pak, with lower MDA levels (21.7–25% reduction) and higher phenolic accumulation under stress”
t0“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
Almas had higher phenolic accumulation than Pak under stress.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- Almase3
- Outcome
- phenolic accumulatione3
- Direction
- highere3
- Qualifier
- under stresse3
- Comparator
- Pake3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Almas exhibited greater tolerance than Pak, with lower MDA levels (21.7–25% reduction) and higher phenolic accumulation under stress”
t0“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
The same questions in other papers
Rhizobium · nutrient: content · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →salinity · physiology: pigments · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →salinity · physiology: oxidative · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
21 papers more in this group
See all 25 papers →salinity · soil: biology · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
salinity · physiology: photosynthesis · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
22 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.