Abstract
• P-based manure amendments cultivated higher soil C:P stoichiometric ratio. • Manure amendments shifted microbial community assembly toward copiotrophic dominance. • Microbial C:P imbalance induced by increased soil C:P ratio is a key driver of MBP accumulation and turnover. • Maize yield and P uptake benefits from increased soil C:P ratio. Fertilization alters soil stoichiometric ratios, shaping microbial processes and phosphorus (P) dynamics, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a three-year maize field experiment on the North China Plain, to test how P-based manure amendments modified soil C:P ratio, intensified microbially mediated soil P mobilization and turnover processes, and improved crop P uptake and yield. There were four treatments as follows: P0, no P fertilizer; P1, 39.27 kg ha −1 of chemical P; LCP, with a total P input of 39.27 kg P ha −1 , input 0.76 t ha −1 manure C; and HCP, with a total P input of 39.27 kg P ha −1 , input 1.53 t ha −1 manure C. Our results suggested that manure C inputs significantly increased the content of soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and induced a shift in microbial community composition from oligotrophic (Acidobacteria) to copiotrophic taxa (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Myxococcota), accompanied by increased microbial biomass P. Manure amendment significantly raised the soil C:P ratio, but the microbial C:P ratio remained relatively stable across treatments. The induced C:P imbalance intensified microbial P limitation, exerting selective pressure on soil microbes preferential investment in P mobilization. Through the coordinated regulation of microbial community composition and function, manure amendment enhanced the bioavailable P pool and increased plant P acquisition. By increasing soil C:P ratios relative to full chemical fertilization, P-based manure amendment increased maize yield by 12%, improved P fertilizer recovery efficiency from 81.34% to 97.06%, enhanced P fertilizer utilization efficiency from 22.01% to 36.69%, and reduced soil P accumulation from 7.35 to 1.15 kg P ha −1 year −1 . These findings suggest that manure-induced stoichiometric imbalance triggers a priming effect on indigenous microbial P mobilization, providing an ecologically intensive pathway to enhance fertilizer P use efficiency, reduce environmental P loading, and improve crop productivity.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Manure C inputs significantly increased soil dissolved organic carbon content in the maize field experiment.
- Treatment
- manure C inputse1
- Outcome
- content of soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- North China Plaine0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three-year maize field experiment on the North China Plain”
e1“manure C inputs significantly increased the content of soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure C inputs induced a shift in microbial community composition from oligotrophic (Acidobacteria) to copiotrophic taxa (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Myxococcota).
- Treatment
- manure C inputse1
- Outcome
- microbial community compositione1
- Direction
- shifte1
- Setting
- North China Plaine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three-year maize field experiment on the North China Plain”
e1“manure C inputs significantly increased the content of soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and induced a shift in microbial community composition from oligotrophic (Acidobacteria) to copiotrophic taxa (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Myxococcota), accompanied by increased microbial biomass P”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure C inputs were accompanied by increased microbial biomass P.
- Treatment
- manure C inputse1
- Outcome
- microbial biomass Pe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- North China Plaine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three-year maize field experiment on the North China Plain”
e1“manure C inputs significantly increased the content of soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and induced a shift in microbial community composition from oligotrophic (Acidobacteria) to copiotrophic taxa (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Myxococcota), accompanied by increased microbial biomass P”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure amendment significantly raised the soil C:P ratio.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three-year maize field experiment on the North China Plain”
e1“Manure amendment significantly raised the soil C:P ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
The microbial C:P ratio remained relatively stable across treatments despite manure amendment.
- Treatment
- Manure amendmente1
- Outcome
- microbial C:P ratioe1
- Direction
- remained relatively stablee1
- Setting
- North China Plaine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three-year maize field experiment on the North China Plain”
e1“Manure amendment significantly raised the soil C:P ratio, but the microbial C:P ratio remained relatively stable across treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The induced C:P imbalance intensified microbial P limitation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three-year maize field experiment on the North China Plain”
e1“The induced C:P imbalance intensified microbial P limitation”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure amendment enhanced the bioavailable P pool.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three-year maize field experiment on the North China Plain”
e1“manure amendment enhanced the bioavailable P pool and increased plant P acquisition”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure amendment increased plant P acquisition.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three-year maize field experiment on the North China Plain”
e1“manure amendment enhanced the bioavailable P pool and increased plant P acquisition”
Claim · model-written summary
P-based manure amendment increased maize yield by 12% relative to full chemical fertilization.
- Treatment
- P-based manure amendmente1
- Outcome
- maize yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 12%e1
- Comparator
- full chemical fertilizatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“relative to full chemical fertilization, P-based manure amendment increased maize yield by 12%”
Claim · model-written summary
P-based manure amendment improved P fertilizer recovery efficiency from 81.34% to 97.06% relative to full chemical fertilization.
- Treatment
- P-based manure amendmente1
- Outcome
- P fertilizer recovery efficiencye1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- from 81.34% to 97.06%e1
- Comparator
- full chemical fertilizatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“relative to full chemical fertilization, P-based manure amendment increased maize yield by 12%, improved P fertilizer recovery efficiency from 81.34% to 97.06%”
Claim · model-written summary
P-based manure amendment enhanced P fertilizer utilization efficiency from 22.01% to 36.69% relative to full chemical fertilization.
- Treatment
- P-based manure amendmente1
- Outcome
- P fertilizer utilization efficiencye1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Value
- from 22.01% to 36.69%e1
- Comparator
- full chemical fertilizatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“relative to full chemical fertilization, P-based manure amendment increased maize yield by 12%, improved P fertilizer recovery efficiency from 81.34% to 97.06%, enhanced P fertilizer utilization efficiency from 22.01% to 36.69%”
Claim · model-written summary
P-based manure amendment reduced soil P accumulation from 7.35 to 1.15 kg P ha −1 year −1 relative to full chemical fertilization.
- Treatment
- P-based manure amendmente1
- Outcome
- soil P accumulatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- from 7.35 to 1.15 kg P ha −1 year −1e1
- Comparator
- full chemical fertilizatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“relative to full chemical fertilization, P-based manure amendment increased maize yield by 12%, improved P fertilizer recovery efficiency from 81.34% to 97.06%, enhanced P fertilizer utilization efficiency from 22.01% to 36.69%, and reduced soil P accumulation from 7.35 to 1.15 kg P ha −1 year −1”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that manure-induced stoichiometric imbalance triggers a priming effect on indigenous microbial P mobilization.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three-year maize field experiment on the North China Plain”
e1“manure-induced stoichiometric imbalance triggers a priming effect on indigenous microbial P mobilization”
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