Abstract
We carried out pot experiment to investigate nitrogen transformation characteristics, yield increasing effect, and apparent utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in loess soils by combining chemi-cal inhibitor and biostimulant humic acid to investigate the application effect and provide a theoretical basis for new type highly efficient and stable urea in loess soil. In this study, blank (CK) and urea (N) were set as controls, and humic acid alone (F), N-butyl thiophosphate-triamine (NBPT), 3,4-dimethyl-pyrazolate phosphate (DMPP), 2-chloro-6-trimethyl-pyridine (CP) and humic acid were respectively combined with three biochemical inhibitors to urea. The results showed that compared with N treatment, F, NBPT+F, DMPP+F, CP+F treatments significantly increased maize yield, chlorophyll content, leaf area index and nitrogen uptake, and had obvious effects on soil available nitrogen contents. The addition of humic acid increased chlorophyll content of maize leaves in all cases compared to the application of biochemical inhibitors alone. Compared with CP treatment, CP+F treatment could significantly increase nitrogen uptake, chlorophyll content, and nitrogen adsorption efficiency of maize. Addition of humic acid with NBPT increased nitrification inhibition rate by 10.7% compared with NBPT alone, but decreased yield, leaf area index, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiency. Compared with DMPP treatment, DMPP+F treatment significantly reduced maize yield, leaf area index, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrification inhibition rate. Considering maize yield, plant N uptake, N fertilizer uptake rate and soil ammonium N and nitrate N contents, the addition of humic acid and CP is recommended for urea application in loess areas to enhance urea performance, yield, and fertilizer utilization.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
F, NBPT+F, DMPP+F, and CP+F increased maize yield compared with N treatment.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with N treatment, F, NBPT+F, DMPP+F, CP+F treatments significantly increased maize yield, chlorophyll content, leaf area index and nitrogen uptake, and had obvious effects on soil available nitrogen contents.”
e1“significantly increased maize yield”
Claim · model-written summary
F, NBPT+F, DMPP+F, and CP+F increased chlorophyll content compared with N treatment.
- Treatment
- F, NBPT+F, DMPP+F, CP+Fe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- N treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with N treatment, F, NBPT+F, DMPP+F, CP+F treatments significantly increased maize yield, chlorophyll content, leaf area index and nitrogen uptake, and had obvious effects on soil available nitrogen contents.”
e1“significantly increased maize yield”
Claim · model-written summary
F, NBPT+F, DMPP+F, and CP+F increased leaf area index compared with N treatment.
- Treatment
- F, NBPT+F, DMPP+F, CP+Fe0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- N treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with N treatment, F, NBPT+F, DMPP+F, CP+F treatments significantly increased maize yield, chlorophyll content, leaf area index and nitrogen uptake, and had obvious effects on soil available nitrogen contents.”
e1“significantly increased maize yield”
Claim · model-written summary
F, NBPT+F, DMPP+F, and CP+F increased nitrogen uptake compared with N treatment.
- Treatment
- F, NBPT+F, DMPP+F, CP+Fe0
- Outcome
- nitrogen uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- N treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with N treatment, F, NBPT+F, DMPP+F, CP+F treatments significantly increased maize yield, chlorophyll content, leaf area index and nitrogen uptake, and had obvious effects on soil available nitrogen contents.”
e1“significantly increased maize yield”
Claim · model-written summary
F, NBPT+F, DMPP+F, and CP+F had an obvious effect on soil available nitrogen contents compared with N treatment.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with N treatment, F, NBPT+F, DMPP+F, CP+F treatments significantly increased maize yield, chlorophyll content, leaf area index and nitrogen uptake, and had obvious effects on soil available nitrogen contents.”
e1“significantly increased maize yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding humic acid increased maize leaf chlorophyll content versus biochemical inhibitors alone.
- Organ / stage
- maize leavese0
- Treatment
- addition of humic acide0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- application of biochemical inhibitors alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of humic acid increased chlorophyll content of maize leaves in all cases compared to the application of biochemical inhibitors alone.”
e1“significantly increased maize yield”
Claim · model-written summary
CP+F increased maize nitrogen uptake compared with CP.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with CP treatment, CP+F treatment could significantly increase nitrogen uptake, chlorophyll content, and nitrogen adsorption efficiency of maize.”
e1“significantly increased maize yield”
Claim · model-written summary
CP+F increased maize chlorophyll content compared with CP.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with CP treatment, CP+F treatment could significantly increase nitrogen uptake, chlorophyll content, and nitrogen adsorption efficiency of maize.”
e1“significantly increased maize yield”
Claim · model-written summary
CP+F increased maize nitrogen adsorption efficiency compared with CP.
- Treatment
- CP+F treatmente0
- Outcome
- nitrogen adsorption efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- CP treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with CP treatment, CP+F treatment could significantly increase nitrogen uptake, chlorophyll content, and nitrogen adsorption efficiency of maize.”
e1“significantly increased maize yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid with NBPT increased nitrification inhibition rate by 10.7% versus NBPT alone.
- Treatment
- Addition of humic acid with NBPTe0
- Outcome
- nitrification inhibition ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10.7%e0
- Comparator
- NBPT alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of humic acid with NBPT increased nitrification inhibition rate by 10.7% compared with NBPT alone”
e1“significantly increased maize yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid with NBPT decreased yield and leaf area index compared with NBPT alone.
- Treatment
- Addition of humic acid with NBPTe0
- Outcome
- yield, leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- NBPT alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of humic acid with NBPT increased nitrification inhibition rate by 10.7% compared with NBPT alone, but decreased yield, leaf area index, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiency.”
e1“significantly increased maize yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid with NBPT decreased nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency compared with NBPT alone.
- Treatment
- Addition of humic acid with NBPTe0
- Outcome
- nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiencye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- NBPT alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of humic acid with NBPT increased nitrification inhibition rate by 10.7% compared with NBPT alone, but decreased yield, leaf area index, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiency.”
e1“significantly increased maize yield”
Claim · model-written summary
DMPP+F significantly reduced maize yield and leaf area index compared with DMPP.
- Treatment
- DMPP+F treatmente0
- Outcome
- maize yield, leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- DMPP treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with DMPP treatment, DMPP+F treatment significantly reduced maize yield, leaf area index, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrification inhibition rate.”
e1“significantly increased maize yield”
Claim · model-written summary
DMPP+F significantly reduced maize nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency compared with DMPP.
- Treatment
- DMPP+F treatmente0
- Outcome
- nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiencye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- DMPP treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with DMPP treatment, DMPP+F treatment significantly reduced maize yield, leaf area index, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrification inhibition rate.”
e1“significantly increased maize yield”
Claim · model-written summary
DMPP+F significantly reduced nitrification inhibition rate compared with DMPP.
- Treatment
- DMPP+F treatmente0
- Outcome
- nitrification inhibition ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- DMPP treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with DMPP treatment, DMPP+F treatment significantly reduced maize yield, leaf area index, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrification inhibition rate.”
e1“significantly increased maize yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend adding humic acid and CP to urea in loess areas to improve maize yield and fertilizer use.
- Outcome
- addition of humic acid and CP is recommended for urea application in loess arease0
- Setting
- loess arease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of humic acid and CP is recommended for urea application in loess areas to enhance urea performance, yield, and fertilizer utilization”
e1“significantly increased maize yield”
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See all 34 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.