Abstract
Soil water stress and nitrogen deficiency are major constraints to onion productivity and resource‐use efficiency in the Indo‐Gangetic plains. A two‐year field experiment (2016–17 and 2017–18) evaluated the combined effects of three microsprinkler irrigation regimes (0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 ETc) and four nitrogen levels (0%, 75%, 100%, and 120% of the recommended dose) on growth, physiological traits, bulb yield, and water and nitrogen use efficiencies of winter onion. Increasing irrigation and nitrogen significantly enhanced plant growth, leaf water status, chlorophyl content, nitrate reductase activity, and bulb yield. The highest yield was obtained under 1.2 ETc with 100% nitrogen (96 kg N ha −1 ), reflecting optimal water–nutrient availability and improved physiological performance. Water and nitrogen stress increased proline accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity, and lipid peroxidation, resulting in yield reduction. Water use efficiency was maximized under mild deficit irrigation (0.9 ETc) with higher nitrogen, whereas nitrogen use efficiency was highest under high irrigation with moderate nitrogen supply. The results indicate that integrating microsprinkler irrigation with balanced nitrogen fertilization can enhance onion productivity and resource‐use efficiency. Under water‐limited conditions, irrigation at 0.9 ETc with adequate nitrogen provides a practical and sustainable management option.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
More irrigation and nitrogen significantly increased onion plant growth.
- Taxon
- onion
Allium cepat0 - Treatment
- Increasing irrigation and nitrogene0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing irrigation and nitrogen significantly enhanced plant growth, leaf water status, chlorophyl content, nitrate reductase activity, and bulb yield.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
More irrigation and nitrogen significantly enhanced leaf water status, chlorophyl content and nitrate reductase activity.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Increasing irrigation and nitrogene0
- Outcome
- leaf water status, chlorophyl content, nitrate reductase activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing irrigation and nitrogen significantly enhanced plant growth, leaf water status, chlorophyl content, nitrate reductase activity, and bulb yield.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
More irrigation and nitrogen significantly enhanced bulb yield.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Increasing irrigation and nitrogene0
- Outcome
- bulb yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing irrigation and nitrogen significantly enhanced plant growth, leaf water status, chlorophyl content, nitrate reductase activity, and bulb yield.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest onion yield occurred at 1.2 ETc and 100% nitrogen.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- 1.2 ETc with 100% nitrogen (96 kg N ha −1 )e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield was obtained under 1.2 ETc with 100% nitrogen (96 kg N ha −1 )”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Water and nitrogen stress increased proline accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Water and nitrogen stresse0
- Outcome
- proline accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity, and lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water and nitrogen stress increased proline accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity, and lipid peroxidation, resulting in yield reduction.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Water and nitrogen stress reduced onion yield.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Water and nitrogen stresse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water and nitrogen stress increased proline accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity, and lipid peroxidation, resulting in yield reduction.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency peaked under 0.9 ETc with higher nitrogen.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- mild deficit irrigation (0.9 ETc) with higher nitrogene0
- Outcome
- Water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- maximizede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water use efficiency was maximized under mild deficit irrigation (0.9 ETc) with higher nitrogen”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen use efficiency was highest under high irrigation and moderate nitrogen.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- high irrigation with moderate nitrogen supplye0
- Outcome
- nitrogen use efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen use efficiency was highest under high irrigation with moderate nitrogen supply”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 0.9 ETc irrigation with adequate nitrogen under water limits.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Outcome
- irrigation at 0.9 ETc with adequate nitrogene0
- Qualifier
- water‐limited conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under water‐limited conditions, irrigation at 0.9 ETc with adequate nitrogen provides a practical and sustainable management option.”
t0“onion”
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See all 184 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.