Abstract
Triticale (× Triticosecale wittmack) is a high-yielding and nutritionally balanced forage crop with considerable potential for silage production. This study examined the effects of growth stage and moisture content on the fermentation quality and bacterial community composition of triticale silage by harvesting at heading and dough stages and ensiling at 60%, 70%, and 80% moisture content for 60 days. Results showed that both factors significantly affected nutritional components, pH, lactic acid, acetic acid, and ammonia nitrogen concentrations; silage from the dough stage generally had higher lactic acid levels and lower pH and ammonia nitrogen, indicating more favorable fermentation than that from the heading stage. Ensiling at 70% moisture resulted in higher crude protein and water-soluble carbohydrate contents, lower neutral and acid detergent fiber concentrations, greater lactic acid production, and lower pH, corresponding to improved fermentation characteristics. Bacterial community analysis revealed that 70% moisture enhanced the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and reduced Proteobacteria and other undesirable microorganisms. In summary, harvesting triticale at the dough stage with a controlled moisture content of 70% contributes to improved fermentation quality and a beneficial microbial community, providing a theoretical basis and technical support for high-quality triticale silage production in sustainable livestock agriculture.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Growth stage and moisture content significantly affected silage nutritional components, pH and acid and ammonia concentrations.
- Taxon
- triticale
×Triticosecalet0 - Outcome
- nutritional components, pH, lactic acid, acetic acid, and ammonia nitrogen concentrationse0
- Qualifier
- growth stage and moisture contente1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both factors significantly affected nutritional components, pH, lactic acid, acetic acid, and ammonia nitrogen concentrations”
e1“growth stage and moisture content”
t0“triticale silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Dough-stage silage had higher lactic acid than heading-stage silage.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Organ / stage
- dough stagee0
- Outcome
- lactic acid levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silage from the dough stage generally had higher lactic acid levels and lower pH and ammonia nitrogen”
t0“triticale silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Dough-stage silage had lower pH and ammonia nitrogen than heading-stage silage.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Organ / stage
- dough stagee0
- Outcome
- pH and ammonia nitrogene0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silage from the dough stage generally had higher lactic acid levels and lower pH and ammonia nitrogen”
t0“triticale silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Ensiling at 70% moisture increased crude protein and water-soluble carbohydrates.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- Ensiling at 70% moisturee0
- Outcome
- crude protein and water-soluble carbohydrate contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ensiling at 70% moisture resulted in higher crude protein and water-soluble carbohydrate contents”
t0“triticale silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Ensiling at 70% moisture lowered neutral and acid detergent fiber.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- Ensiling at 70% moisturee1
- Outcome
- neutral and acid detergent fiber concentrationse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower neutral and acid detergent fiber concentrations”
e1“Ensiling at 70% moisture”
t0“triticale silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Ensiling at 70% moisture increased lactic acid production.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- Ensiling at 70% moisturee1
- Outcome
- lactic acid productione0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater lactic acid production”
e1“Ensiling at 70% moisture”
t0“triticale silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Ensiling at 70% moisture lowered pH.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- Ensiling at 70% moisturee1
- Outcome
- pHe0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater lactic acid production, and lower pH”
e1“Ensiling at 70% moisture”
t0“triticale silage”
Claim · model-written summary
At 70% moisture Firmicutes and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum relative abundances increased.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- 70% moisturee0
- Outcome
- relative abundances of Firmicutes and Lactiplantibacillus plantarume0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“70% moisture enhanced the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum”
t0“triticale silage”
Claim · model-written summary
At 70% moisture Proteobacteria and undesirable microorganisms declined.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- 70% moisturee0
- Outcome
- Proteobacteria and other undesirable microorganismse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“70% moisture enhanced the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and reduced Proteobacteria and other undesirable microorganisms”
t0“triticale silage”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend dough-stage harvest and 70% moisture for improved silage fermentation and microbes.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Outcome
- harvesting triticale at the dough stage with a controlled moisture content of 70%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“harvesting triticale at the dough stage with a controlled moisture content of 70% contributes to improved fermentation quality and a beneficial microbial community”
The same questions in other papers
processing · quality: grain · x Triticosecale (triticale)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
processing · yield · x Triticosecale (triticale)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
processing · quality: protein · x Triticosecale (triticale)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.