Abstract
• MCA delayed CGM development and softening in P. digitatum-infected navel oranges. • MCA decreased activities of CWDEs and maintained cell wall integrity. • Enhanced resistance to CGM may be linked to ERF017/109, DREB1D, MYB108, and WRKY75. • Our study unveiled a sustainable postharvest antifungal for citrus preservation. The regulatory mechanisms through which trans -4-methoxycinnamaldehyde (MCA) treatment inhibited the development of fungal diseases in postharvest citrus fruits, particularly the widespread occurrence of citrus green mold (CGM) caused by Penicillium digitatum , remained inadequately understood. Herein, 0.4 g/L MCA treatment was found to effectively slow the progression of P. digitatum infection and reduce the severity of CGM in harvested navel orange, and many physiological traits were measured, including fruit firmness, electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde level, and cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, water-soluble pectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose) contents, as well as cell wall-degrading enzymes activities and their encoding genes expression. The transcriptomic sequencing data revealed that MCA treatment significantly diminished the number of DEGs in fruits infected with P. digitatum when compared to healthy fruits. A total of 432 DEGs were identified among the three groups, including 42 DEGs associated with cell wall degradation and 29 TFs related to CGM resistance. Real-time PCR investigations verified that the expression levels of CsPME3, CsPG2, CsCLE1, CsXTH9 , and most of the 10 TFs were up-regulated by MCA treatment, whereas the expression levels of CsGal6, CsMYB51 , and CsWRKY7 were suppressed during the later stages of P. digitatum infection. Thus, our results collectively proved that these genes responsive to MCA may play crucial roles in maintaining cell wall integrity to enhance fruit resistance to CGM, suggesting that MCA treatment could represent a promising strategy for preventing postharvest fungal diseases in citrus fruits.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
0.4 g/L MCA treatment slowed the progression of P. digitatum infection in harvested navel orange.
- Taxon
- navel orange
Citrus sinensise0 - Treatment
- 0.4 g/L MCA treatmente0
- Interactor
- P. digitatum
Penicillium digitatume0pathogen - Outcome
- progression of P. digitatum infectione0
- Direction
- slowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“citrus”
e0“Herein, 0.4 g/L MCA treatment was found to effectively slow the progression of P. digitatum infection and reduce the severity of CGM in harvested navel orange”
Claim · model-written summary
0.4 g/L MCA treatment reduced the severity of citrus green mold in harvested navel orange.
- Taxon
- navel orangeCitrus sinensise0
- Treatment
- 0.4 g/L MCA treatmente0
- Interactor
- P. digitatumPenicillium digitatume0pathogen
- Outcome
- severity of CGMe0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“citrus”
e0“Herein, 0.4 g/L MCA treatment was found to effectively slow the progression of P. digitatum infection and reduce the severity of CGM in harvested navel orange”
Claim · model-written summary
MCA decreased the activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“citrus”
e0“MCA decreased activities of CWDEs and maintained cell wall integrity”
Claim · model-written summary
MCA maintained cell wall integrity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“citrus”
e0“MCA decreased activities of CWDEs and maintained cell wall integrity”
Claim · model-written summary
MCA treatment significantly diminished the number of DEGs in P. digitatum-infected fruits compared with healthy fruits.
- Treatment
- MCA treatmente0
- Interactor
- P. digitatumPenicillium digitatume0pathogen
- Outcome
- number of DEGse0
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Comparator
- healthy fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“citrus”
e0“MCA treatment significantly diminished the number of DEGs in fruits infected with P. digitatum when compared to healthy fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
A total of 432 DEGs were identified among the three groups.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“citrus”
e0“A total of 432 DEGs were identified among the three groups”
Claim · model-written summary
42 of the DEGs were associated with cell wall degradation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“citrus”
e0“42 DEGs associated with cell wall degradation”
Claim · model-written summary
29 transcription factors were related to CGM resistance.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“citrus”
e0“29 TFs related to CGM resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of CsPME3, CsPG2 and CsCLE1 was up-regulated by MCA treatment.
- Treatment
- MCA treatmente1
- Gene
- CsPME3, CsPG2, CsCLE1e0
- Outcome
- expression levelse0
- Direction
- up-regulatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“citrus”
e0“the expression levels of CsPME3, CsPG2, CsCLE1”
e1“up-regulated by MCA treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of CsXTH9 was up-regulated by MCA treatment.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“citrus”
e0“the expression levels of CsPME3”
e1“CsXTH9 , and most of the 10 TFs were up-regulated by MCA treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of most of the 10 TFs was up-regulated by MCA treatment.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“citrus”
e0“the expression levels of CsPME3”
e1“CsXTH9 , and most of the 10 TFs were up-regulated by MCA treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of CsGal6, CsMYB51 and CsWRKY7 was suppressed during the later stages of P. digitatum infection.
- Gene
- CsGal6, CsMYB51e0
- Outcome
- expression levelse0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Qualifier
- during the later stages of P. digitatum infectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“citrus”
e0“the expression levels of CsGal6, CsMYB51 , and CsWRKY7 were suppressed during the later stages of P. digitatum infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced resistance to CGM may be linked to ERF017/109, DREB1D, MYB108 and WRKY75.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“citrus”
e0“Enhanced resistance to CGM may be linked to ERF017/109, DREB1D, MYB108, and WRKY75”
Claim · model-written summary
Genes responsive to MCA may play crucial roles in maintaining cell wall integrity to enhance fruit resistance to CGM.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“citrus”
e0“these genes responsive to MCA may play crucial roles in maintaining cell wall integrity to enhance fruit resistance to CGM”
Claim · model-written summary
MCA treatment could be a promising strategy for preventing postharvest fungal diseases in citrus fruits.
- Outcome
- preventing postharvest fungal diseasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“citrus”
e0“MCA treatment could represent a promising strategy for preventing postharvest fungal diseases in citrus fruits”