Abstract
To intensify rainfed dryland agriculture sustainably, nutrient management practices that improve soil health without compromising productivity are needed. This study evaluated the long-term effects of fertiliser application in conjunction with the short-term application of nutrient-enriched nano-clay biopolymer composites (NCPCs) on soil properties, nutrient dynamics and crop productivity in a rainfed rice-lentil system. The experiment was conducted in a 38-year-old long-term fertiliser trial with the following treatments: control (no applied nutrients), 100 % recommended dose of fertiliser (RDF) (80:40:30 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1), 50 % RDF, 50 % RDF+ 50 % nitrogen (N) (foliar spray), 50 % farmyard manure (FYM), 100 % FYM at 5 t ha-1, 50 % RDF + 50 % FYM and farmer practices as a main plot treatments, along with different NCPC treatments as subplot treatments under split plot design during 2023 and 2024. The integrated application of 50 % RDF and 50 % FYM improved soil physicochemical and biological properties and increased the active carbon pool (30 % of the total organic carbon) and the lability index (0.97) compared to the control. The conjunctive use of 50 % RDF and 50 % FYM produced the highest rice yield (2246 kg ha-1), lentil yield (952 kg ha-1) and system equivalent rice yield (5019 kg ha-1). The application of NCPC resulted additive effects, such as molybdenum/Arthrobotrys oligospora-loaded composites enhanced lentil productivity, whereas potassium- and zinc-loaded composites improved nutrient uptake. The integration of long-term organic-inorganic fertilisation with nano-enabled nutrient and microbial delivery system improved biological functioning and system productivity of rice under rainfed conditions of the Indo-Gangetic plains.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated 50% RDF and 50% FYM improved soil physicochemical and biological properties over control.
Verbatim
e0“The integrated application of 50 % RDF and 50 % FYM improved soil physicochemical and biological properties and increased the active carbon pool (30 % of the total organic carbon) and the lability index (0.97) compared to the control”
t0“rice-lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated 50% RDF and 50% FYM increased the soil active carbon pool to 30% of total organic carbon.
Verbatim
e0“The integrated application of 50 % RDF and 50 % FYM improved soil physicochemical and biological properties and increased the active carbon pool (30 % of the total organic carbon) and the lability index (0.97) compared to the control”
t0“rice-lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated 50% RDF and 50% FYM increased the lability index to 0.97 versus control.
Verbatim
e0“The integrated application of 50 % RDF and 50 % FYM improved soil physicochemical and biological properties and increased the active carbon pool (30 % of the total organic carbon) and the lability index (0.97) compared to the control”
t0“rice-lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined fertilizer treatment produced the highest rice yield, 2246 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- 50 % RDF and 50 % FYMe0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2246 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The conjunctive use of 50 % RDF and 50 % FYM produced the highest rice yield (2246 kg ha-1), lentil yield (952 kg ha-1) and system equivalent rice yield (5019 kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined fertilizer treatment produced the highest lentil yield, 952 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- lentil
Lens culinarise0 - Treatment
- 50 % RDF and 50 % FYMe0
- Outcome
- lentil yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 952 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The conjunctive use of 50 % RDF and 50 % FYM produced the highest rice yield (2246 kg ha-1), lentil yield (952 kg ha-1) and system equivalent rice yield (5019 kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined fertilizer treatment produced the highest system equivalent rice yield, 5019 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 50 % RDF and 50 % FYMe0
- Outcome
- system equivalent rice yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5019 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The conjunctive use of 50 % RDF and 50 % FYM produced the highest rice yield (2246 kg ha-1), lentil yield (952 kg ha-1) and system equivalent rice yield (5019 kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Molybdenum/Arthrobotrys oligospora-loaded composites enhanced lentil productivity.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- molybdenum/Arthrobotrys oligospora-loaded compositese0
- Interactor
- Arthrobotrys oligosporae0other
- Outcome
- lentil productivitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“molybdenum/Arthrobotrys oligospora-loaded composites enhanced lentil productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium-loaded composites improved nutrient uptake.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“potassium- and zinc-loaded composites improved nutrient uptake”
t0“rice-lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc-loaded composites improved nutrient uptake.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“potassium- and zinc-loaded composites improved nutrient uptake”
t0“rice-lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated long-term fertilization and nano-enabled delivery improved soil biological functioning.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- long-term organic-inorganic fertilisation with nano-enabled nutrient and microbial delivery systeme0
- Outcome
- biological functioninge0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Setting
- Indo-Gangetic plainse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integration of long-term organic-inorganic fertilisation with nano-enabled nutrient and microbial delivery system improved biological functioning and system productivity of rice under rainfed conditions of the Indo-Gangetic plains”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated long-term fertilization and nano-enabled delivery improved rice system productivity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- long-term organic-inorganic fertilisation with nano-enabled nutrient and microbial delivery systeme0
- Outcome
- system productivity of ricee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Setting
- Indo-Gangetic plainse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integration of long-term organic-inorganic fertilisation with nano-enabled nutrient and microbial delivery system improved biological functioning and system productivity of rice under rainfed conditions of the Indo-Gangetic plains”
t0“rice”
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