Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2025 at the Crop Research Centre, ITM University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India, to evaluate the effect of organic manures and biofertilizer seed inoculation on the morpho-physiological traits, yield and quality of soybean (Glycine max L.) variety JS-335. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The treatments comprised three organic manure sources, namely farmyard manure at 5 t ha⁻¹, vermicompost at 2 t ha⁻¹ and poultry manure at 1.5 t ha⁻¹, and three biofertilizer treatments, namely Rhizobium at 30 ml kg⁻¹ seed, phosphate-solubilising bacteria at 30 ml kg⁻¹ seed and potassium-solubilising bacteria at 30 ml kg⁻¹ seed, along with an absolute control. Observations were recorded on plant height, branches per plant, trifoliate leaves per plant, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, grain yield, straw yield, harvest index, protein content and oil content. Among the organic manures, vermicompost at 2 t ha⁻¹ produced the highest plant height, branching, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation, and recorded grain yield of 1732.5 kg ha⁻¹, straw yield of 2857.0 kg ha⁻¹, protein content of 41.59% and oil content of 21.12%. Among the biofertilizers, Rhizobium seed treatment recorded the highest grain yield (1694.0 kg ha⁻¹), straw yield (2790.2 kg ha⁻¹), protein content (41.26%) and oil content (20.67%). The interaction between organic manures and biofertilizers was statistically non-significant. The results indicate that vermicompost application and Rhizobium seed inoculation improved soybean performance under the experimental conditions.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost gave the highest height, branching, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- vermicompost at 2 t ha⁻¹e0
- Outcome
- plant height, branching, leaf area index and dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vermicompost at 2 t ha⁻¹ produced the highest plant height, branching, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost produced grain yield of 1732.5 kg ha⁻¹.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost at 2 t ha⁻¹e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Value
- 1732.5 kg ha⁻¹e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vermicompost at 2 t ha⁻¹ produced the highest plant height, branching, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation, and recorded grain yield of 1732.5 kg ha⁻¹, straw yield of 2857.0 kg ha⁻¹, protein content of 41.59% and oil content of 21.12%.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost produced straw yield of 2857.0 kg ha⁻¹.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost at 2 t ha⁻¹e0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Value
- 2857.0 kg ha⁻¹e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vermicompost at 2 t ha⁻¹ produced the highest plant height, branching, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation, and recorded grain yield of 1732.5 kg ha⁻¹, straw yield of 2857.0 kg ha⁻¹, protein content of 41.59% and oil content of 21.12%.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost produced protein content of 41.59%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost at 2 t ha⁻¹e0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Value
- 41.59%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vermicompost at 2 t ha⁻¹ produced the highest plant height, branching, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation, and recorded grain yield of 1732.5 kg ha⁻¹, straw yield of 2857.0 kg ha⁻¹, protein content of 41.59% and oil content of 21.12%.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost produced oil content of 21.12%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost at 2 t ha⁻¹e0
- Outcome
- oil contente0
- Value
- 21.12%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vermicompost at 2 t ha⁻¹ produced the highest plant height, branching, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation, and recorded grain yield of 1732.5 kg ha⁻¹, straw yield of 2857.0 kg ha⁻¹, protein content of 41.59% and oil content of 21.12%.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium seed treatment gave the highest grain yield of 1694.0 kg ha⁻¹.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1694.0 kg ha⁻¹e0
RhizobiumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rhizobium seed treatment recorded the highest grain yield (1694.0 kg ha⁻¹), straw yield (2790.2 kg ha⁻¹), protein content (41.26%) and oil content (20.67%).”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium seed treatment gave straw yield of 2790.2 kg ha⁻¹.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2790.2 kg ha⁻¹e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rhizobium seed treatment recorded the highest grain yield (1694.0 kg ha⁻¹), straw yield (2790.2 kg ha⁻¹), protein content (41.26%) and oil content (20.67%).”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium seed treatment gave protein content of 41.26%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 41.26%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rhizobium seed treatment recorded the highest grain yield (1694.0 kg ha⁻¹), straw yield (2790.2 kg ha⁻¹), protein content (41.26%) and oil content (20.67%).”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium seed treatment gave oil content of 20.67%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- oil contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 20.67%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rhizobium seed treatment recorded the highest grain yield (1694.0 kg ha⁻¹), straw yield (2790.2 kg ha⁻¹), protein content (41.26%) and oil content (20.67%).”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The manure by biofertilizer interaction was not statistically significant.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- organic manures and biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- interactione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction between organic manures and biofertilizers was statistically non-significant.”
t0“Soybean”
The same questions in other papers
Rhizobium · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
82 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
88 papers more in this group
See all 92 papers →Rhizobium · quality: oil · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
Rhizobium · quality: protein · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →seed treatment · quality: oil · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →seed treatment · quality: protein · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →seed treatment · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
136 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
164 papers more in this group
See all 168 papers →fertilization · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1,020 papers in the same direction as this paper · 155 in the opposite direction · 16 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
1,188 papers more in this group
See all 1,192 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.