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“decrease in A”

5,099 matches

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plus 2,684 non-evaluative

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1950 ’60 ’70 ’80 ’90 2000 ’10 ’20

plus 41 earlier · 1890s–1940s

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Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Apical maize florets differentiate later than basal florets.

Taxon: maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse1
Organ / stage: Apical floretse1
Outcome: differentiate latere1
Direction: latere1
Comparator: basal floretse1

Verbatim

e0
“maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37

e1
“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–81

e2
“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146

e3
“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817

e4
“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056

e5
“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Apical maize kernels have lower dry matter accumulation rates than basal kernels.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had 24% smaller mature dry weight than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower sucrose concentration than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower ADP-Glc starch synthase activity than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical and basal kernel endosperm had similar ADPG-PPase activities.
Intervention effect With tip heating, apical kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal kernel endosperm.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had similar ADPG-PPase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not increase total grain weight per ear.
Intervention effect Tip heating increased the size of apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating slightly decreased the size of basal and middle position kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating hastened some developmental events in apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADPG-PPase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADP-Glc starch synthase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Starch concentration began rising earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not shorten the period of starch accumulation in apical kernels.
Mechanism The authors conclude that pre-pollination floret development alone does not determine the slower growth and smaller size of apical kernels.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Apical maize kernels have lower dry matter accumulation rates than basal kernels.

Taxon: maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Organ / stage: apical kernelse4
Outcome: dry matter accumulation ratese1
Direction: lowere1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37

e1
“form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 86–145

e2
“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146

e3
“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817

e4
“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056

e5
“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Apical maize florets differentiate later than basal florets.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had 24% smaller mature dry weight than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower sucrose concentration than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower ADP-Glc starch synthase activity than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical and basal kernel endosperm had similar ADPG-PPase activities.
Intervention effect With tip heating, apical kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal kernel endosperm.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had similar ADPG-PPase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not increase total grain weight per ear.
Intervention effect Tip heating increased the size of apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating slightly decreased the size of basal and middle position kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating hastened some developmental events in apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADPG-PPase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADP-Glc starch synthase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Starch concentration began rising earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not shorten the period of starch accumulation in apical kernels.
Mechanism The authors conclude that pre-pollination floret development alone does not determine the slower growth and smaller size of apical kernels.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Tip heating did not shorten the period of starch accumulation in apical kernels.

Taxon: maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Treatment: tip-heatinge1
Outcome: period of starch accumulatione1
Direction: did not shortene1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37

e1
“tip-heating did not shorten the period of starch accumulation in apical kernels”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1474–1553

e2
“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146

e3
“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817

e4
“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056

e5
“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Apical maize florets differentiate later than basal florets.
Observation Apical maize kernels have lower dry matter accumulation rates than basal kernels.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had 24% smaller mature dry weight than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower sucrose concentration than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower ADP-Glc starch synthase activity than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical and basal kernel endosperm had similar ADPG-PPase activities.
Intervention effect With tip heating, apical kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal kernel endosperm.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had similar ADPG-PPase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not increase total grain weight per ear.
Intervention effect Tip heating increased the size of apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating slightly decreased the size of basal and middle position kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating hastened some developmental events in apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADPG-PPase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADP-Glc starch synthase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Starch concentration began rising earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Mechanism The authors conclude that pre-pollination floret development alone does not determine the slower growth and smaller size of apical kernels.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had 24% smaller mature dry weight than basal kernel endosperm.

Taxon: maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Organ / stage: apical-kernel endosperme1
Outcome: dry weighte1
Direction: smallere1
Value: 24%e1
Qualifier: at maturitye1
Comparator: basal-kernel endosperme3

Verbatim

e0
“maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37

e1
“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–637

e2
“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146

e3
“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817

e4
“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056

e5
“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Apical maize florets differentiate later than basal florets.
Observation Apical maize kernels have lower dry matter accumulation rates than basal kernels.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower sucrose concentration than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower ADP-Glc starch synthase activity than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical and basal kernel endosperm had similar ADPG-PPase activities.
Intervention effect With tip heating, apical kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal kernel endosperm.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had similar ADPG-PPase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not increase total grain weight per ear.
Intervention effect Tip heating increased the size of apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating slightly decreased the size of basal and middle position kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating hastened some developmental events in apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADPG-PPase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADP-Glc starch synthase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Starch concentration began rising earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not shorten the period of starch accumulation in apical kernels.
Mechanism The authors conclude that pre-pollination floret development alone does not determine the slower growth and smaller size of apical kernels.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

With tip heating, apical kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal kernel endosperm.

Taxon: maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Organ / stage: apical-kernel endosperme1
Treatment: tip-heated earse1
Outcome: growth rate and final weighte1
Direction: samee1
Comparator: basal-kernel endosperme1

Verbatim

e0
“maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37

e1
“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–928

e2
“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146

e3
“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817

e4
“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056

e5
“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Apical maize florets differentiate later than basal florets.
Observation Apical maize kernels have lower dry matter accumulation rates than basal kernels.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had 24% smaller mature dry weight than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower sucrose concentration than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower ADP-Glc starch synthase activity than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical and basal kernel endosperm had similar ADPG-PPase activities.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had similar ADPG-PPase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not increase total grain weight per ear.
Intervention effect Tip heating increased the size of apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating slightly decreased the size of basal and middle position kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating hastened some developmental events in apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADPG-PPase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADP-Glc starch synthase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Starch concentration began rising earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not shorten the period of starch accumulation in apical kernels.
Mechanism The authors conclude that pre-pollination floret development alone does not determine the slower growth and smaller size of apical kernels.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors conclude that pre-pollination floret development alone does not determine the slower growth and smaller size of apical kernels.

Taxon: maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Outcome: lower growth rate and smaller size of apical kernelse1
Qualifier: differences in prepollination floret developmente1

Verbatim

e0
“maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37

e1
“the lower growth rate and smaller size of apical kernels are not solely determined by differences in prepollination floret development”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1581–1715

e2
“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146

e3
“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817

e4
“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056

e5
“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Apical maize florets differentiate later than basal florets.
Observation Apical maize kernels have lower dry matter accumulation rates than basal kernels.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had 24% smaller mature dry weight than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower sucrose concentration than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower ADP-Glc starch synthase activity than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical and basal kernel endosperm had similar ADPG-PPase activities.
Intervention effect With tip heating, apical kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal kernel endosperm.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had similar ADPG-PPase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not increase total grain weight per ear.
Intervention effect Tip heating increased the size of apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating slightly decreased the size of basal and middle position kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating hastened some developmental events in apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADPG-PPase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADP-Glc starch synthase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Starch concentration began rising earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not shorten the period of starch accumulation in apical kernels.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

TaFUS3 was interpreted to promote dormancy and sprouting resistance.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Gene: TaFUS3e0
Outcome: seed dormancy and PHS-resistancee0
Qualifier: might be associated with ABA, GA level and signal transductione0

Verbatim

e0
“TaFUS3 plays a positive role in wheat seed dormancy and PHS-resistance, which might be associated with ABA, GA level and signal transduction”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1542–1682

e1
“Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) reduces yields and grain quality, resulting in seriously economic losses in wheat. It has been showed that PHS is significantly correlated to seed dormancy levels. FUSCA3 (FUS3) gene is considered to be the key regulator of seed dormancy. However, little information is available about the function of FUS3 gene (TaFUS3) in wheat. In this study, three homologous genes were identified in whea…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–1683

Title

Isolation and Functional Characterization of a B3 Transcription Factor Gene FUSCA3 Involved in Pre-Harvest Sprouting Resistance in Wheat

Xinguo Wang; Lili Liu; Yanli Wang; et al. Agricultural Sciences 2021. doi:10.4236/as.2021.128054

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Three TaFUS3 homologs were isolated in wheat.
Observation TaFUS3-3B and TaFUS3-3D had similar expression profiles and high seed transcript levels at 25 DAP and 24 h imbibition.
Observation TaFUS3-3A transcription was not detected.
Intervention effect Silencing TaFUS3 increased wheat seed germination and pre-harvest sprouting.
Intervention effect TaFUS3 silencing increased expression of genes for GA biosynthesis and ABA metabolism.
Intervention effect TaFUS3 silencing decreased expression of genes for ABA biosynthesis.
Intervention effect TaFUS3 silencing decreased embryo sensitivity to ABA.
Intervention effect TaFUS3 silencing changed ABA signal transduction gene expression.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Silencing TaFUS3 increased wheat seed germination and pre-harvest sprouting.

Taxon: common wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: Silencing of TaFUS3e0
Gene: TaFUS3e0
Outcome: seed germination and PHSe0
Direction: increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Silencing of TaFUS3 in common wheat spikes resulted in increased seed germination and PHS”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1036–1125

e1
“Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) reduces yields and grain quality, resulting in seriously economic losses in wheat. It has been showed that PHS is significantly correlated to seed dormancy levels. FUSCA3 (FUS3) gene is considered to be the key regulator of seed dormancy. However, little information is available about the function of FUS3 gene (TaFUS3) in wheat. In this study, three homologous genes were identified in whea…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–1683

Title

Isolation and Functional Characterization of a B3 Transcription Factor Gene FUSCA3 Involved in Pre-Harvest Sprouting Resistance in Wheat

Xinguo Wang; Lili Liu; Yanli Wang; et al. Agricultural Sciences 2021. doi:10.4236/as.2021.128054

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Three TaFUS3 homologs were isolated in wheat.
Observation TaFUS3-3B and TaFUS3-3D had similar expression profiles and high seed transcript levels at 25 DAP and 24 h imbibition.
Observation TaFUS3-3A transcription was not detected.
Intervention effect TaFUS3 silencing increased expression of genes for GA biosynthesis and ABA metabolism.
Intervention effect TaFUS3 silencing decreased expression of genes for ABA biosynthesis.
Intervention effect TaFUS3 silencing decreased embryo sensitivity to ABA.
Intervention effect TaFUS3 silencing changed ABA signal transduction gene expression.
Mechanism TaFUS3 was interpreted to promote dormancy and sprouting resistance.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

TaFUS3-3B and TaFUS3-3D had similar expression profiles and high seed transcript levels at 25 DAP and 24 h imbibition.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume1
Organ / stage: seedse0
Gene: TaFUS3-3B and TaFUS3-3De0
Outcome: high levels of gene transcriptse0

Verbatim

e0
“TaFUS3-3B and TaFUS3-3D had similar expression profiles, and high levels of gene transcripts were detected in seeds at 25 DAP (days after pollination) and after 24 h of imbibition”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 797–976

e1
“Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) reduces yields and grain quality, resulting in seriously economic losses in wheat. It has been showed that PHS is significantly correlated to seed dormancy levels. FUSCA3 (FUS3) gene is considered to be the key regulator of seed dormancy. However, little information is available about the function of FUS3 gene (TaFUS3) in wheat. In this study, three homologous genes were identified in whea…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–1683

Title

Isolation and Functional Characterization of a B3 Transcription Factor Gene FUSCA3 Involved in Pre-Harvest Sprouting Resistance in Wheat

Xinguo Wang; Lili Liu; Yanli Wang; et al. Agricultural Sciences 2021. doi:10.4236/as.2021.128054

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Three TaFUS3 homologs were isolated in wheat.
Observation TaFUS3-3A transcription was not detected.
Intervention effect Silencing TaFUS3 increased wheat seed germination and pre-harvest sprouting.
Intervention effect TaFUS3 silencing increased expression of genes for GA biosynthesis and ABA metabolism.
Intervention effect TaFUS3 silencing decreased expression of genes for ABA biosynthesis.
Intervention effect TaFUS3 silencing decreased embryo sensitivity to ABA.
Intervention effect TaFUS3 silencing changed ABA signal transduction gene expression.
Mechanism TaFUS3 was interpreted to promote dormancy and sprouting resistance.

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“decrease in A”

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