Search claims · PlantClaims

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher defoliation levels yielded less growth in Swingle.

Taxon: Swinglee0
Treatment: Higher levels of rootstock shoot defoliatione0
Outcome: growthe0
Direction: lesse0
Comparator: lower defoliation levelse0

Verbatim

e0
“For Swingle, most growth responses to rootstock shoot defoliation were curvilinear. Higher levels of rootstock shoot defoliation resulted in less growth than lower defoliation levels”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1315–1497

Title

Growth of Budded, Containerized, Citrus Nursery Plants when Photosynthesis of Rootstock Shoots Is Limited

J.G. Williamson; B.E. Maust HortScience 1995. doi:10.21273/hortsci.30.7.1363

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Cleopatra growth declined linearly with increasing rootstock shoot defoliation.
Intervention effect At no more than 40% defoliation, bent Cleopatra plants had greater whole-plant dry weight than cut plants.
Intervention effect Swingle growth responses to defoliation were mostly curvilinear.
Intervention effect Low light reduced whole-plant and root dry weights for both rootstocks.
Observation Cleopatra whole-plant and scion dry weights peaked at the highest light level.
Observation Swingle whole-plant and scion dry weights peaked at 225 μmol·m –2 ·s –1.
Intervention effect At 820 and 225 light levels, bent plants had higher dry weights than cut plants for both rootstocks.
Observation Most Swingle scion growth loss from defoliation occurred in the first scion flush.
Mechanism Authors suggest recent rootstock photosynthates explain the growth benefit of bending.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Starch levels increased as hand defoliation was delayed.

Taxon: AppleMalus domesticat0
Treatment: hand-defoliatione0
Outcome: Starch levelse0
Direction: increasede0
Comparator: delayede0

Verbatim

t0
“Apple Nursery Stock”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 87–106

e0
“Starch levels increased as hand-defoliation was delayed”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 644–699

Title

Prestorage and Poststorage Starch Levels in Chemically and Hand-defoliated ‘Delicious’ Apple Nursery Stock1

G. S. Abusrewil; Fenton E Larsen; Robert Fritts Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 1983. doi:10.21273/jashs.108.1.20

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Multiple chemical applications usually decreased starch relative to single applications.
Intervention effect Starch decreased during storage in roots and stems.
Intervention effect Bud starch changed little during storage.
Association Summer shoot growth after storage and replanting followed a pattern somewhat like tree starch levels.
Intervention effect Delaying hand defoliation until October 30 yielded the highest starch at April planting in both years.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Defoliation reduced apex auxin levels by about 50%.

Taxon: PopulusPopulust0
Treatment: defoliatione0
Outcome: auxin levels in the apexe0
Direction: reducede0
Value: about 50%e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“defoliation reduced auxin levels in the apex by about 50%”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1356–1413

t0
“Populus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 69–76

Title

A Whole-plant Approach to Identifying Sites of Auxin Biosynthesis in Populus

Daniel J. Evanich Digital Commons - Connecticut College (Connecticut College) 2015

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Apex removal reduced developing-xylem auxin content 30 cm below the apex by 40% after 48 hours.
Intervention effect Apex removal had no effect on developing-xylem auxin farther down the stem.
Intervention effect Defoliation had no effect on developing-xylem auxin farther down the stem.
Observation Mature-leaf petiole primary xylem parenchyma cells were auxin responsive.
Intervention effect NPA application to petioles reduced downstream auxin levels by about 60%.
Observation YUCCA1 was expressed at low levels in mature leaves.
Intervention effect Extensive NPA application to petioles had no effect on stem PXP auxin content.
Intervention effect Extensive NPA application to petioles had no effect on developing-xylem auxin content in the stem.
Observation Auxin levels in the apex were much lower than in developing xylem.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Larval defoliation rarely altered leaf surface chemistry at the tested levels.

Taxon: PopulusPopulust0
Treatment: Larval C. scripta defoliatione0
Interactor: C. scriptaChrysomela scriptae0pest
Outcome: leaf surface chemistrye0
Direction: rarely caused changese0
Qualifier: at the defoliation levels testede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Larval C. scripta defoliation rarely caused changes in leaf surface chemistry at the defoliation levels tested”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 922–1032

t0
“Populus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 102–109

Title

Effects of Cottonwood Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larval Defoliation, Clone, and Season onPopulusFoliar Phagostimulants

David R. Coyle; Joel D. McMillin; Richard B. Hall; et al. Environmental Entomology 2003. doi:10.1603/0046-225x-32.3.452

Other claims from this paper (9)

Association Foliar alcohol concentration differed significantly among clones.
Association α-TQ concentration differed significantly among clones.
Association α-TQ to total alcohol ratios differed significantly among clones.
Observation α-TQ concentrations varied over time in some clones.
Observation α-TQ to total alcohol ratios varied over time in some clones.
Observation Foliar alcohol concentrations generally stayed constant or increased during the growing season.
Observation α-TQ concentrations generally stayed constant or increased during the growing season.
Observation α-TQ to total alcohol ratios declined during the growing season.
Recommendation Clone variation in foliar chemistry could be used in tree breeding.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Defoliation did not substantially modify active GA1 levels.

Taxon: citrusCitrust0
Treatment: Defoliatione0
Outcome: endogenous levels of the active GA1e0
Direction: didnot substantially modifye0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Defoliation didnot substantially modify the endogenous levels of the active GA1”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 582–661

t0
“citrus fruitlet abscission”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 22–48

Title

The role of leaves in citrus fruitlet abscission: Effects on endogenous gibberellin levels and carbohydrate content

J. Mehouachi; D.J. Iglesias; F.R. Tadeo; et al. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 2000. doi:10.1080/14620316.2000.11511204

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Removal of old leaves increased fruitlet abscission up to 60%.
Intervention effect Removal of young leaves increased fruitlet abscission up to 60%.
Intervention effect Defoliation advanced the beginning of abscission.
Observation Maximum abscission occurred 41 days after anthesis in foliated plants.
Observation Maximum abscission occurred at 32 days after anthesis without old leaves.
Observation Maximum abscission occurred at 54 days after anthesis without young leaves.
Intervention effect Defoliation changed GA precursors and products mostly at 32 days after anthesis.
Intervention effect Sucrose was slightly lower in fruitlets of defoliated plants at 21 days after anthesis.
Intervention effect Hexoses were slightly higher in fruitlets of defoliated plants.
Association Higher abscission in leafless inflorescences was associated with reduced sucrose.
Association Higher abscission in leafless inflorescences was associated with higher hexose.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Defoliation reduced fruit SDH activity to nondetectable levels.

Taxon: APPLEMalus domesticat0
Treatment: Defoliatione0
Gene: SDHe0
Outcome: SDH activitye0
Direction: reducede0
Qualifier: nondetectable levelse0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“APPLE FRUIT”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 54–65

e0
“Defoliation and girdling to restrict sorbitol import slowed fruit growth and reduced SDH activity to nondetectable levels”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 622–743

Title

SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY AND CULTIVAR-SPECIFIC APPLE FRUIT GROWTH RATES

Douglas D. Archbold HortScience 1993. doi:10.21273/hortsci.28.5.449g

Other claims from this paper (11)

Observation Fruit SDH activity varied more than twofold among apple cultivars in interval 1.
Observation Fruit SDH activity varied nearly sevenfold among apple cultivars in interval 2.
Association SDH activity was not correlated with apple fruit relative growth rate.
Association SDH activity was not correlated with cortex TSC level.
Association SDH activity was negatively correlated with cortex sorbitol level.
Intervention effect Defoliation slowed apple fruit growth.
Intervention effect Girdling slowed apple fruit growth.
Intervention effect Girdling reduced fruit SDH activity to nondetectable levels.
Association Growth resumption was accompanied by substantial SDH activity.
Mechanism SDH activity appears cultivar-specific and may be influenced by sorbitol availability.
Mechanism SDH likely contributes to carbohydrate accumulation but activity alone may not determine cultivar-specific growth rate.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought and defoliation together lowered starch levels more than either factor alone.

Taxon: Black Oakt0
Treatment: Drought and defoliation togethere3
Outcome: starch levelse3
Direction: lowere3
Comparator: either one alonee3

Verbatim

t0
“Black Oak Seedlings”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–86

e3
“Drought and defoliation together resulted in lower starch levels than either one alone”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 242–328

Title

Effects of Drought and Defoliation on Some Metabolites in Roots of Black Oak Seedlings

Johnson Parker; Roy L. Patton Canadian Journal of Forest Research 1975. doi:10.1139/x75-063

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Defoliation lowered root starch levels in watered black oak seedlings in two separate experiments.
Intervention effect Starch levels in unwatered, non-defoliated seedlings were lower only under severe drought.
Intervention effect Reducing sugars and several amino acids were higher in unwatered seedlings than in nondefoliated and watered ones, but not under less severe drought.
Intervention effect Reducing sugars and certain amino acids showed some increase in averages in once- and twice-defoliated watered plants.
Intervention effect Catechin and quercitrin levels were usually lower in defoliated than in nondefoliated seedlings, regardless of watering.
Intervention effect Catechin and quercitrin levels were higher in unwatered than in watered seedlings, regardless of defoliation.
Intervention effect Fertilizer addition had no effect on seedling growth.
Intervention effect Fertilizer addition lowered carbohydrate levels in some combinations of drought and defoliation.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Total nonstructural carbohydrate levels fell significantly after defoliation.

Taxon: Acacia karrooVachellia karrooe0
Treatment: defoliatione2
Interactor: goatsCapra hircuse1herbivore
Outcome: Total non‐structural carbohydrate levelse2
Direction: droppede2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Acacia karroo plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 42–62

e1
“following defoliation by goats”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 202–232

e2
“Total non‐structural carbohydrate levels dropped significantly after defoliation.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 456–537

Title

Effect of the intensity and phenophase of defoliation and water stress on the rate of photosynthesis and the recovery of carbohydrate reserves in acacia karroo hayne

W.R. Teague Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa 1988. doi:10.1080/02566702.1988.9648146

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Defoliation increased photosynthesis of fully expanded Acacia leaves markedly.
Intervention effect Light defoliation produced the greatest rise in photosynthetic rate.
Association Greater defoliation intensity was associated with greater carbohydrate depletion.
Intervention effect Carbohydrate levels recovered faster after heavy than light defoliation.
Intervention effect Carbohydrate recovery was faster after second-half than first-half growing-season defoliation.
Observation Acacia heavily defoliated in the second half of the growing season had not fully recovered carbohydrate levels by late-autumn leaf fall.
Intervention effect Moisture stress affected carbohydrate levels much less than defoliation.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Defoliation levels increased after the drought.

Taxon: Dipterocarpt0
Outcome: Defoliation levelse0
Direction: increasede0
Setting: after the droughte0

Verbatim

t0
“Dipterocarp seedling population dynamics”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–40

e0
“Defoliation levels increased after the drought, perhaps due to a resurgence of insect populations.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1283–1381

Title

Dipterocarp seedling population dynamics in Bornean primary lowland forest during the 1997-8 El Niño-Southern Oscillation

Daniel P. Bebber; Nick P. Brown; Martin R. Speight Journal of Tropical Ecology 2004. doi:10.1017/s0266467404006133

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Starch and sucrose levels in older needles and growing buds fell under defoliation.

Taxon: balsam firAbies balsameat0
Organ / stage: older needles and growing budse0
Treatment: defoliatione0
Outcome: Starch and sucrose levelse0
Direction: decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Starch and sucrose levels in older needles and growing buds decreased under defoliation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 981–1068

t0
“saplings of balsam fir”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 397–419

Title

The effects of metabolic and functional traits on bud opening: Comparing warming and defoliation in conifers

Annie Deslauriers; Pascale Benoit; Lorena Balducci; et al. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2025. doi:10.1093/plphys/kiaf435

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation Balsam fir had earlier phenology, greater shoot volume and greater specific leaf area.
Intervention effect Heating advanced phenology in both species.
Intervention effect Heating did not affect leaf traits in both species.
Intervention effect Defoliation advanced phenology.
Intervention effect Defoliation reduced needle number and specific leaf area needed for growth.
Intervention effect D-pinitol remained unchanged under defoliation.
Intervention effect Heating increased D-pinitol concentration in growing buds by 17%.

“Defoliation levels”

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