Search claims · PlantClaims

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

PAL-1 cDNA expression in E. coli produced catalytically active PAL.

Taxon: parsleyPetroselinum crispume1
Gene: PAL-1e0
Outcome: catalytically active PALe0

Verbatim

e0
“Transformation of Escherichia coli cells with PAL-1 or PAL-4 cDNA yielded catalytically active PAL”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 337–435

e1
“In parsley (Petroselinum crispum)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–33

Title

Expression in Escherichia coli of catalytically active phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase from parsley

Wolfgang Schulz; Hans-Georg Eiben; Klaus Hahlbrock FEBS Letters 1989. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(89)81687-4

Other claims from this paper (4)

Observation Parsley PAL is encoded by four structurally similar genes.
Method / resource The near full-length PAL-4 cDNA and protein sequence were presented and compared with PAL-1.
Observation PAL-4 cDNA expression in E. coli produced catalytically active PAL.
Mechanism PAL catalytic center formation appears spontaneous rather than plant-specific.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

PAL-4 cDNA expression in E. coli produced catalytically active PAL.

Taxon: parsleyPetroselinum crispume1
Gene: PAL-4e0
Outcome: catalytically active PALe0

Verbatim

e0
“Transformation of Escherichia coli cells with PAL-1 or PAL-4 cDNA yielded catalytically active PAL”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 337–435

e1
“In parsley (Petroselinum crispum)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–33

Title

Expression in Escherichia coli of catalytically active phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase from parsley

Wolfgang Schulz; Hans-Georg Eiben; Klaus Hahlbrock FEBS Letters 1989. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(89)81687-4

Other claims from this paper (4)

Observation Parsley PAL is encoded by four structurally similar genes.
Method / resource The near full-length PAL-4 cDNA and protein sequence were presented and compared with PAL-1.
Observation PAL-1 cDNA expression in E. coli produced catalytically active PAL.
Mechanism PAL catalytic center formation appears spontaneous rather than plant-specific.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen and potassium deficiencies reduce PAL-IS level and increase PAL accumulation in apple leaves.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticae7
Treatment: nitrogen and potassium deficienciese7
Outcome: accumulation of PALe7
Qualifier: reduce the level of PAL-ISe7

Verbatim

e7
“and that nitrogen and potassium deficiencies reduce the level of PAL-IS and hence increase the accumulation of PAL in apple leaves”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1248–1378

Title

Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase and the Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Inactivating System: Effects of Light, Temperature and Mineral Deficiencies

SC Tan Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 1980. doi:10.1071/pp9800159

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect Whole apples under alternating 6/25°C accumulated more PAL than under constant 25° in constant light.
Intervention effect Whole apples under alternating 6/25°C accumulated more anthocyanin than under constant 25° in constant light.
Intervention effect Low temperature (6°) stimulated the activity of PAL in apples when applied in the dark period.
Intervention effect Low temperature (6°) stimulated the synthesis of anthocyanin in apples when applied in the dark period.
Intervention effect The activity of PAL-IS was lower in apples under alternating 6/25° than under constant 25° in constant light.
Intervention effect In constant darkness, apples showed no accumulation of PAL and anthocyanin.
Intervention effect The level of PAL-IS increased steadily in apples incubated in constant darkness.
Intervention effect Nitrogen deficiency increased PAL accumulation in the leaves of greenhouse-grown apple trees.
Intervention effect Nitrogen deficiency decreased PAL-IS accumulation in the leaves of greenhouse-grown apple trees.
Intervention effect Potassium deficiency increased PAL accumulation in the leaves of greenhouse-grown apple trees.
Intervention effect Potassium deficiency decreased PAL-IS accumulation in the leaves of greenhouse-grown apple trees.
Association PAL activity was negatively correlated with PAL-IS activity in apple.
Mechanism Low temperature reduces PAL-IS level and increases PAL accumulation, which increases anthocyanin accumulation in apple skin.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

PAL activity declined concurrently.

Taxon: Lactuca sativaLactuca sativat0
Outcome: PAL activitye0
Direction: decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“Concomitantly, a decrease in PAL activity was observed.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 785–840

t0
“Lactuca sativa”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 77–91

Title

Induction of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) in germinating lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa)

Richard J. Daines; Subhash C. Minocha; G. Jose Kudakasseril Physiologia Plantarum 1983. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1983.tb06584.x

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Dry lettuce seeds had no detectable PAL activity.
Observation PAL became detectable within 4 hours of imbibition under white light.
Observation PAL specific activity increased rapidly over the next 12–16 hours.
Intervention effect Far-red light suppressed germination.
Intervention effect Far-red light suppressed PAL development.
Intervention effect GA3 caused almost complete dark germination without proportionate PAL increase.
Intervention effect GA3 did not induce proportionate increases in PAL.
Intervention effect CHDC inhibited germination in light and dark.
Intervention effect CHDC inhibited PAL activity in light and dark.
Intervention effect GA3 retarded radicle elongation in light.
Intervention effect Benzyladenine retarded radicle elongation in light.
Intervention effect Benzyladenine reversed CHDC effects on germination.
Intervention effect PAL activity remained highly reduced with benzyladenine after CHDC.
Observation More than 95% of extractable PAL was in the radicle.
Intervention effect Transfer from white light to far red severely inhibited subsequent PAL increase.
Intervention effect Transfer from white light to far red severely inhibited radicle growth.
Association PAL induction was suggested to coincide with seed germination.
Association PAL amount per germinated seed was related to embryonic axis elongation.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

PAL activity was negatively correlated with PAL-IS activity in apple.

Taxon: applesMalus domesticae0
Gene: PAL-ISe5
Outcome: PAL activitye5
Direction: negatively correlatede5

Verbatim

e0
“In constant light, whole apples (cv. Red Spy) that received alternating 6/25°C treatment accumulated more phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and anthocyanin than those receiving constant 25° throughout the course of experiment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–225

e5
“PAL activity was found to be negatively correlated with activity of PAL-IS”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 982–1056

Title

Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase and the Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Inactivating System: Effects of Light, Temperature and Mineral Deficiencies

SC Tan Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 1980. doi:10.1071/pp9800159

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect Whole apples under alternating 6/25°C accumulated more PAL than under constant 25° in constant light.
Intervention effect Whole apples under alternating 6/25°C accumulated more anthocyanin than under constant 25° in constant light.
Intervention effect Low temperature (6°) stimulated the activity of PAL in apples when applied in the dark period.
Intervention effect Low temperature (6°) stimulated the synthesis of anthocyanin in apples when applied in the dark period.
Intervention effect The activity of PAL-IS was lower in apples under alternating 6/25° than under constant 25° in constant light.
Intervention effect In constant darkness, apples showed no accumulation of PAL and anthocyanin.
Intervention effect The level of PAL-IS increased steadily in apples incubated in constant darkness.
Intervention effect Nitrogen deficiency increased PAL accumulation in the leaves of greenhouse-grown apple trees.
Intervention effect Nitrogen deficiency decreased PAL-IS accumulation in the leaves of greenhouse-grown apple trees.
Intervention effect Potassium deficiency increased PAL accumulation in the leaves of greenhouse-grown apple trees.
Intervention effect Potassium deficiency decreased PAL-IS accumulation in the leaves of greenhouse-grown apple trees.
Mechanism Low temperature reduces PAL-IS level and increases PAL accumulation, which increases anthocyanin accumulation in apple skin.
Mechanism Nitrogen and potassium deficiencies reduce PAL-IS level and increase PAL accumulation in apple leaves.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Deduced rice PAL sequence is highly similar to a Phaseolus vulgaris PAL sequence.

Taxon: rice plantsOryza sativat0
Gene: PALe0
Outcome: deduced amino acid sequencee0
Direction: highly similare0
Comparator: PAL from Phaseolus vulgarise0

Verbatim

e0
“The deduced amino acid sequence is highly similar to that of PAL from Phaseolus vulgaris deduced from an incomplete cDNA fragment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 241–370

t0
“rice plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 85–96

Title

Structure and some characterization of the gene for phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase from rice plants

Ei‐Ichi MINAMI; Yoshihiro OZEKI; Makoto MATSUOKA; et al. European Journal of Biochemistry 1989. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb15075.x

Other claims from this paper (8)

Method / resource Nearly full-length PAL cDNA and genomic clone were isolated and sequenced.
Observation The rice PAL gene encodes a 701 amino acid polypeptide.
Observation The cloned gene spans 4412 bp and has two exons and one intron.
Observation Transcription starts 86 nucleotides upstream of the translation initiation codon.
Observation TATA-box and GC-box analogues were found upstream of the transcription start.
Observation Rice PAL exists as a small multigene family.
Observation The isolated genomic clone was responsive to light.
Mechanism Authors infer the genomic sequence functions as a rice PAL gene in vivo.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Far-red light suppressed PAL development.

Taxon: Lactuca sativaLactuca sativat0
Treatment: Far‐red lighte0
Gene: PALe0
Outcome: development of PALe0
Direction: suppressede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Far‐red light completely suppressed germination as well as the development of PAL.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 323–405

t0
“Lactuca sativa”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 77–91

Title

Induction of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) in germinating lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa)

Richard J. Daines; Subhash C. Minocha; G. Jose Kudakasseril Physiologia Plantarum 1983. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1983.tb06584.x

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Dry lettuce seeds had no detectable PAL activity.
Observation PAL became detectable within 4 hours of imbibition under white light.
Observation PAL specific activity increased rapidly over the next 12–16 hours.
Intervention effect Far-red light suppressed germination.
Intervention effect GA3 caused almost complete dark germination without proportionate PAL increase.
Intervention effect GA3 did not induce proportionate increases in PAL.
Intervention effect CHDC inhibited germination in light and dark.
Intervention effect CHDC inhibited PAL activity in light and dark.
Intervention effect GA3 retarded radicle elongation in light.
Intervention effect Benzyladenine retarded radicle elongation in light.
Observation PAL activity declined concurrently.
Intervention effect Benzyladenine reversed CHDC effects on germination.
Intervention effect PAL activity remained highly reduced with benzyladenine after CHDC.
Observation More than 95% of extractable PAL was in the radicle.
Intervention effect Transfer from white light to far red severely inhibited subsequent PAL increase.
Intervention effect Transfer from white light to far red severely inhibited radicle growth.
Association PAL induction was suggested to coincide with seed germination.
Association PAL amount per germinated seed was related to embryonic axis elongation.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

PAL levels were higher at low than high temperatures.

Taxon: AppleMalus domesticat0
Gene: PALe0
Outcome: PAL levelse0
Direction: highere0
Comparator: high temperaturese0

Verbatim

e0
“PAL levels were higher at low than at high temperatures”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 568–623

t0
“Apple Skin”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 54–64

Title

Temperature Regulation of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Apple Skin

JOHN D. FARAGHER Journal of Experimental Botany 1983. doi:10.1093/jxb/34.10.1291

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

PAL activity rose sharply in bamboo shoots after harvest.

Taxon: bamboo shootse0
Organ / stage: shootse0
Gene: PALe0
Outcome: PAL activitye0
Direction: sharp risee0

Verbatim

e0
“There was a sharp rise of PAL activity of bamboo shoots after harvest”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 755–824

Title

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase of bamboo shoots.

Ru-Yin CHEN; Tsung-Chain CHANG; Ming-Sai LIU Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 1988. doi:10.1271/bbb1961.52.2137

Other claims from this paper (4)

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The near full-length PAL-4 cDNA and protein sequence were presented and compared with PAL-1.

Taxon: parsleyPetroselinum crispume1
Gene: PAL-4e0
Outcome: nucleotide sequence of a near full-length cDNA and the deduced amino acid sequence of PAL-4e0
Comparator: PAL-1e0

Verbatim

e0
“The nucleotide sequence of a near full-length cDNA and the deduced amino acid sequence of PAL-4 are presented and compared with the corresponding sequences of PAL-1”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 113–277

e1
“In parsley (Petroselinum crispum)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–33

Title

Expression in Escherichia coli of catalytically active phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase from parsley

Wolfgang Schulz; Hans-Georg Eiben; Klaus Hahlbrock FEBS Letters 1989. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(89)81687-4

Other claims from this paper (4)

Observation Parsley PAL is encoded by four structurally similar genes.
Observation PAL-1 cDNA expression in E. coli produced catalytically active PAL.
Observation PAL-4 cDNA expression in E. coli produced catalytically active PAL.
Mechanism PAL catalytic center formation appears spontaneous rather than plant-specific.

“PAL”

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