Search claims · PlantClaims

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Reducing cucumber density did not decrease weekly yield per area or total yield.

Taxon: CucumberCucumis sativust0
Treatment: reducing plant densitye0
Outcome: weekly yield per unit area and total yielde0
Direction: did not decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“reducing plant density did not significantly affect the photosynthesis of leaves and did not decrease weekly yield per unit area and total yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 701–845

t0
“Cucumber”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–76

Title

Low Plant Density Improves Fruit Quality without Affecting Yield of Cucumber in Different Cultivation Periods in Greenhouse

Xiaotao Ding; Wenfeng Nie; Tingting Qian; et al. Agronomy 2022. doi:10.3390/agronomy12061441

Other claims from this paper (9)

Association Photosynthesis and weekly yield per area varied with harvest time, mainly because of temperature and radiation.
Intervention effect Reducing cucumber density did not significantly affect leaf photosynthesis.
Intervention effect Low density gave the highest weekly and total yield per cucumber plant in all three harvest periods.
Intervention effect Low density gave the highest fraction of dry matter allocated to cucumber fruits.
Intervention effect Low density gave the highest soluble sugar, total phenol and flavonoid contents in cucumber fruits.
Intervention effect Low density gave the highest soluble protein, vitamin C and chlorophyll contents in cucumber fruits.
Intervention effect Low density gave the highest carotenoid contents in cucumber fruits.
Intervention effect Low density resulted in relatively low nitrite content in cucumber fruits.
Recommendation The authors recommend reducing cucumber density to 2.25 plants m−2 for greenhouses in Shanghai.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Harvest index tended to decrease slightly as sowing density increased.

Taxon: white lupint0
Treatment: sowing densitye0
Outcome: harvest indexe0
Direction: decreasee0
Qualifier: differences were very smalle0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“A tendency of a harvest index decrease was detected along with an increase in the sowing density, but the differences were very small”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1331–1464

t0
“White Lupin”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 17–28

Title

The Potential of White Lupin (Lupinus albus L.) Seed and BiomassYield in organic Farming

Ana Pospišil; Ksenija Ivanović; Milan Pospišil Poljoprivreda 2022. doi:10.18047/poljo.28.1.3

Other claims from this paper (10)

Association Energy had higher green mass and dry matter yield than Feodora in 2018.
Association Energy tended to give insignificantly higher yields than Feodora in 2019.
Intervention effect Green mass yield increased as sowing density rose.
Intervention effect Dry matter yield increased as sowing density rose.
Association Lupin yield was higher in 2019 than 2018 under more favorable weather.
Association Energy had significantly higher seed yield in 2018.
Intervention effect Seed yield increased with sowing density.
Intervention effect Pods per plant decreased as sowing density rose in both years.
Intervention effect Seed weight per plant decreased as sowing density rose in both years.
Intervention effect Pods and seed weight per plant were lowest at 90 seeds m-2.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

More recently released cultivars had a progressively smaller ozone related decrease in bulk density.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Outcome: rate of decrease in bulk densitye0
Direction: diminishese0
Qualifier: As the release age approachese0

Not reportedMaterial

Verbatim

e0
“As the release age approaches, the rate of decrease in bulk density diminishes gradually”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1549–1637

t0
“survey of Chinese wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 99–122

Title

Renewal of wheat cultivars enhances ozone resistance in yield but detrimentally impacts quality: a survey of Chinese wheat

Yinsen Qian; Zheng Zhao; Yifan Cao; et al. Frontiers in Plant Science 2025. doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1526846

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect Elevated ozone significantly reduced wheat yield by 18.19%.
Intervention effect Ozone reduced yield of cultivars released in the 1970s by 24.9%.
Intervention effect Ozone reduced yield of cultivars released in the 1980s by 23.3%.
Intervention effect Ozone reduced yield of cultivars released in the 1990s by 19.8%.
Intervention effect Ozone reduced yield of cultivars released in the after 2000 by 14.7%.
Association Thousand grain weight had the strongest direct effect on yield, followed by grains per spike; spike number contributed least.
Recommendation The authors recommend increasing thousand grain weight for ozone resistance breeding.
Intervention effect Elevated ozone raised sedimentation values and protein content.
Intervention effect Elevated ozone lowered bulk density, hardness and starch content.
Observation Cultivars released in the 1990s were less sensitive for hardness, sedimentation value and starch content.
Observation Cultivars released after the 2000s had the largest protein content changes.
Observation Stress indices indicate greater resistance to yield loss in cultivars released after 2000.
Recommendation The Yangmai series was identified as promising parental material for ozone resistant breeding.

Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Soil inoculum density did not significantly decrease from 1 to 12 months after incorporation.

Outcome: soil inoculum densitye0
Direction: not a significant decreasee0
Comparator: 1 and 12 monthse0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“Regardless of treatment, there was not a significant decrease in soil inoculum density between 1 and 12 months after residue was incorporated”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 766–907

Title

Survival of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae on Crop Residue in Soil

Kelley R. Paugh; Thomas R. Gordon Plant Disease 2020. doi:10.1094/pdis-07-20-1464-re

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Fragmenting and oven drying infested lettuce taproots reduced pathogen recovery relative to untreated tissue.
Intervention effect Field drying before incorporation did not significantly reduce pathogen survival after one year.
Intervention effect Fragmenting residue before incorporation increased pathogen inoculum density after one year.
Association Increased inoculum was associated with faster residue decomposition.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Wood changes caused by insect damage led to a decrease in charcoal density.

Taxon: EucalyptusEucalyptuse0
Treatment: damaged by defoliating insectse0
Interactor: defoliating insectse0pest
Outcome: densitye1
Direction: decreasee1
Comparator: healthy conditione0

Verbatim

e0
“Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla (clone A) and Eucalyptus saligna (clone B) trees, both in healthy condition and damaged by defoliating insects”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 237–389

e1
“and a decrease in density”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 960–985

Title

DAMAGE BY DEFOLIATING INSECTS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE QUALITY OF WOOD FOR CHARCOAL PRODUCTION

ANTONIO JOSÉ VINHA ZANUNCIO; AMÉLIA GUIMARÃES CARVALHO; CARLOS MIGUEL SIMÕES DA SILVA; et al. Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 2021. doi:10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2021.55.79

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

grain weight and grain size of the panicle was decrease in relation to agrocenosis density.

Taxon: grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
Treatment: agrocenosis densitye0
Outcome: grain weight and grain size of the paniclee0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“An increase in agrocenosis density caused to decrease in grain weight and grain size of the panicle, but the 1000 grain weight was relatively stable.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 728–877

t0
“grain sorghum”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 39–52

Title

Influence density and sowing method of grain sorghum on the formation of assimilation surface and grain productivity of plants

A. D. Gyrka; Ya. V. Alieksieiev; Yu. Ya. Sydorenko; et al. The Scientific Journal Grain Crops 2022. doi:10.31867/2523-4544/0189

Other claims from this paper (17)

Association leaf surface area was directly proportional in relation to plant density.
Association area of the assimilation apparatus was largest in relation to panicle initiation stage.
Intervention effect individual leaf surface area was decrease in relation to plant density.
Intervention effect individual leaf surface area was no influenced in relation to row-width spacing.
Intervention effect grain weight per the panicle was largest in relation to plant density of 80 thousand pcs/ha.
Intervention effect grain weight per the panicle was decrease in relation to Crowdedness of crop (by 20 thousand/ha).
Intervention effect 1000 grain weight was relatively stable in relation to agrocenosis density.
Intervention effect 1000 grain weight was optimal in relation to plant density of 120–140 thousand/ha.
Intervention effect structure of the yield was influenced in relation to sowing density.
Intervention effect structure of the yield was insignificant in relation to method of sowing.
Intervention effect Prime hybrid yielded 5.89 t/ha at 45 cm row spacing.
Intervention effect Dniprovskyi 39 variety yielded 4.62 t/ha at 45 cm row spacing.
Intervention effect Vinets variety yielded 3.70 t/ha at 45 cm row spacing.
Observation Prime hybrid yielded 5.70–5.71 t/ha at 70 cm row spacing and 120–140 thousand/ha density.
Observation Dniprovskyi 39 yielded 4.57 t/ha at 120 and 140 thousand/ha.
Observation Vinets yielded 3.83 t/ha at 160 thousand/ha and 70 cm rows.
Intervention effect Density above the specified level decreased grain productivity.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in aggregation of damage with density was strongest for jasmonate-insensitive plants.

Taxon: plante1
Material: jasmonate-insensitivee1
Outcome: distribution of damagee1
Direction: decreasee1
Qualifier: strongeste1

Verbatim

e1
“The distribution of damage was also affected by an interaction between plant resistance and herbivore density; damage became less aggregated with density across all plant resistance treatments, but the decrease was strongest for the jasmonate-insensitive plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1398–1659

Title

Plant resistance and predators influence the density dependence of herbivore survival and distribution of herbivory

Monica Paniagua Montoya; Alexander J. Forde; Brian Inouye; et al. Ecology and Evolution 2024. doi:10.1002/ece3.70106

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Higher plant resistance reduced herbivore growth.
Intervention effect Predation did not change herbivore growth.
Association Herbivore growth was not density-dependent.
Association Predators influenced the density dependence of herbivore survivorship.
Association Plant resistance and predation interacted in affecting density dependence of herbivore survivorship.
Intervention effect Higher plant resistance reduced per capita plant damage.
Intervention effect Predation reduced per capita plant damage.
Intervention effect Herbivore density reduced per capita plant damage.
Intervention effect Increasing herbivore density made the within-plant distribution of damage more even.
Intervention effect Predation did not affect the within-plant distribution of damage.
Intervention effect Plant resistance did not affect the within-plant distribution of damage independently of herbivore density.
Association Damage became less aggregated with herbivore density across all plant resistance treatments.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Wheat yield tended to decrease above the stated density thresholds.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: wheat planting density exceeded 450 × 10 4 seedlings ha −1 and 525 × 10 4 seedlings ha −1e0
Outcome: wheat yielde0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedSetting

Verbatim

e0
“when wheat planting density exceeded 450 × 10 4 seedlings ha −1 and 525 × 10 4 seedlings ha −1 , wheat yield tended to decrease”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 439–566

Title

Spermidine regulates wheat grain weight at high planting density by promoting the synthesis of sucrose and starch in inferior grains

Juan Li; Zimeng Liang; Jingyi Feng; et al. Physiologia Plantarum 2024. doi:10.1111/ppl.14321

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect High density reduced inferior grain filling rate before 25 DAA.
Intervention effect High density shortened the active filling period by 6.4%–7.4%.
Intervention effect High density lowered 1000-grain weight by 5.4%–8.1%.
Intervention effect High density significantly reduced sucrose and starch content in inferior grains.
Intervention effect High density inhibited SAMDC and SpdSy activity.
Intervention effect High density induced ethylene precursor synthase activity.
Intervention effect High density significantly decreased endogenous spermidine content.
Intervention effect High density significantly increased ethylene release rate.
Intervention effect Exogenous spermidine increased sucrose and starch accumulation in inferior grains.
Intervention effect Exogenous spermidine positively regulated inferior grain filling and weight.
Intervention effect Exogenous ethylene had a negative effect on inferior grain filling and weight.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lower stomatal density and leaf thickness regulated the assimilation decrease under amplified drought.

Taxon: Quercus pubescensQuercus pubescenst0
Treatment: ADe0
Outcome: decrease in Ane0
Qualifier: concomitant lower stomatal density and reduced leaf thicknesse0

Verbatim

e0
“The decrease in An under AD was regulated by concomitant lower stomatal density and reduced leaf thickness.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1174–1281

t0
“Quercus pubescens”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 40–57

Title

Leaf morpho-anatomical adjustments in a Quercus pubescens forest after 10 years of partial rain exclusion in the field

Justine Laoué; Guillermo Gea-Izquierdo; Sylvie Dupouyet; et al. Tree Physiology 2024. doi:10.1093/treephys/tpae047

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Amplified drought reduced net CO2 assimilation by 49%.
Intervention effect Stomatal conductance, transpiration and water-use efficiency remained stable under amplified drought.
Intervention effect Amplified drought lowered stomatal density.
Intervention effect Amplified drought reduced leaf thickness.
Intervention effect Amplified drought increased non-glandular trichome density.
Intervention effect Amplified drought reduced glandular trichome density.
Mechanism The authors interpret trichome changes as limiting transpiration and production costs.
Mechanism The authors infer leaf anatomical adjustments could help acclimation to amplified drought.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in Cicadellidae and Mymaridae populations was associated with a higher density of weeds in plots.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: higher density of weedse0
Interactor: weedse0weed
Outcome: decrease in Cicadellidae and Mymaridae populationse0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 160–165

e0
“The decrease in Cicadellidae and Mymaridae populations was associated with a higher density of weeds in plots”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1111–1220

Title

Dynamics of canopy‐dwelling arthropods under different weed management options, including glyphosate, in conventional and genetically modified insect‐resistant maize

Esteban García‐Ruiz; Guillermo Cobos; Ismael Sánchez‐Ramos; et al. Insect Science 2020. doi:10.1111/1744-7917.12825

Other claims from this paper (4)

“decrease in density”

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Over time

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