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“toxic”

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Physiology, metabolism & abiotic stress 15636

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Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A toxic substance in heated soils was found toxic toward seed germination.

Taxon
plante0
Outcome
toxic towards seed-germinatione0

Verbatim

e0

“this toxic substance is toxic towards plant-growth in the same way as it has been found to be toxic towards seed-germination”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 444–568

Title

Plant-growth in Heated Soils

Spencer Umfreville Pickering The Journal of Agricultural Science 1910. doi:10.1017/s0021859600000848

Other claims from this paper (1)
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Most analyzed roots were classified as non-toxic or low toxic.

Organ / stage
rootse0
Outcome
classified as "non-toxic" and "low toxic"e0

Verbatim

e0

“most of the roots analyzed were classified as "non-toxic" and "low toxic".”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 926–1000
t0

“Cassava”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–7

Title

Cassava interspecific hybrids with increased protein content and improved amino acid profiles

P.T.C. Gomes; N.M.A. Nassar Genetics and Molecular Research 2013. doi:10.4238/2013.april.12.8

Other claims from this paper (6)
Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Silicon may have reduced toxic Al and possibly toxic Fe effects.

Taxon
sorghumSorghumt0
Compound
Silicone0
Outcome
effects of toxic Al, and possibly toxic Fee0
Direction
reducede0

Verbatim

e0

“Silicon may have reduced the effects of toxic Al, and possibly toxic Fe.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 828–900
t0

“sorghum”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 34–41

Title

Mineral element concentrations of sorghum genotypes grown on tropical acid soil

R. B. Clark; L. M. Gourley Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 1988. doi:10.1080/00103628809367991

Other claims from this paper (5)

Plant interactions & biotic stress 8062

Show all 8,062 →
Observationobservedreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Plant defensive traits include toxic furanocoumarins and toxic amino acids.

Taxon
plantsViridiplantaee0
Outcome
toxic furanocoumarins, toxic amino acidse3

Verbatim

e3

“Some of the plant defensive traits evolved during this evolution include toxic furanocoumarins, toxic amino acids, trichomes, lignin and latex”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 756–898
e0

“Plants always look for new strategies to avoid insect pests”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 224–283

Title

Plant Defense Against Herbivory and Insect Adaptations

Abdul Rashid War; Gaurav Kumar Taggar; Barkat Hussain; et al. AoB Plants 2018. doi:10.1093/aobpla/ply037

Other claims from this paper (2)
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Deterministic processes had a greater effect in toxic plants than in non-toxic plants.

Taxon
toxic plantse1
Outcome
Deterministic processese0
Direction
greatere0
Comparator
non-toxic plantse0

Verbatim

e0

“Deterministic processes had a greater effect on toxic than non-toxic plants, as root exudates affected rhizosphere microorganisms directly”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 458–596
e1

“The 328 up-regulated compounds in root exudates of toxic plants affected the diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 598–714

Title

Root exudates enhanced rhizobacteria complexity and microbial carbon metabolism of toxic plants

Wenyin Wang; Tianhua Jia; Tianyun Qi; et al. iScience 2022. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.105243

Other claims from this paper (7)
Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were less toxic than dicrotophos and more toxic than acephate.

Interactor
cotton fleahopperPseudatomoscelis seriatust0pest
Outcome
less toxic than dicrotophos but significantly more toxic than acephatee0

Verbatim

e0

“Both imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were significantly less toxic than dicrotophos but significantly more toxic than acephate.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 707–832
t0

“COTTON FLEAHOPPER”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–78

Title

ADULT VIAL TECHNIQUE FOR EVALUATING INSECTICIDAL TOXICITY TO COTTON FLEAHOPPER

J. D. López; Latheef 2004

Other claims from this paper (9)

Breeding, agronomy & horticulture 6266

Show all 6,266 →
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Most analyzed roots were classified as non-toxic or low toxic.

Organ / stage
rootse0
Outcome
classified as "non-toxic" and "low toxic"e0

Verbatim

e0

“most of the roots analyzed were classified as "non-toxic" and "low toxic".”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 926–1000
t0

“Cassava”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–7

Title

Cassava interspecific hybrids with increased protein content and improved amino acid profiles

P.T.C. Gomes; N.M.A. Nassar Genetics and Molecular Research 2013. doi:10.4238/2013.april.12.8

Other claims from this paper (6)
Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Silicon may have reduced toxic Al and possibly toxic Fe effects.

Taxon
sorghumSorghumt0
Compound
Silicone0
Outcome
effects of toxic Al, and possibly toxic Fee0
Direction
reducede0

Verbatim

e0

“Silicon may have reduced the effects of toxic Al, and possibly toxic Fe.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 828–900
t0

“sorghum”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 34–41

Title

Mineral element concentrations of sorghum genotypes grown on tropical acid soil

R. B. Clark; L. M. Gourley Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 1988. doi:10.1080/00103628809367991

Other claims from this paper (5)
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Diazinon was more toxic to house sparrows while Propineb was least toxic.

Taxon
FIELD CROPSt0
Treatment
Diazinone0
Interactor
house sparrowPasser domesticuse0herbivore
Outcome
toxic to house sparrowe0
Direction
more toxice0
Comparator
Propinebe0

Verbatim

e0

“Diazinon was more toxic to house sparrow while Propineb was the lowest repellent and toxic one”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 683–777
t0

“FIELD CROPS”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 85–96

Title

TESTING THE REPELLENT EFFECT OF SOME PESTICIDES AGAINST HOUSE SPARROW FOR PROTECTING FIELD CROPS

WAHED M. GABR Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 2005. doi:10.21608/ejar.2005.247557

Other claims from this paper (2)

Woody plants 3104

Show all 3,104 →
Observationobservedreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Jatropha curcas has toxic and non-toxic genotypes.

Taxon
Jatropha curcasJatropha curcase0
Outcome
a toxic and a non-toxic onee0
Value
two genotypese0

Verbatim

e0

“There are two genotypes of Jatropha curcas, a toxic and a non-toxic one.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1094

Title

Biofuels from Jatropha curcas oil – Perspectives for tropical regions

Klaus Becker Oléagineux Corps gras Lipides 2009. doi:10.1051/ocl.2009.0266

Other claims from this paper (11)
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Novel SNPs separated toxic, non-toxic and Mexican accessions.

Taxon
Jatropha curcasJatropha curcast0
Outcome
separating toxic, non-toxic, and Mexican accessionse0
Comparator
toxic, non-toxic, and Mexican accessionse0

Verbatim

e0

“Novel SNPs allowed separating toxic, non-toxic, and Mexican accessions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1204–1274
t0

“Jatropha curcas”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 100–115

Title

Geographic origin is not supported by the genetic variability found in a large living collection of Jatropha curcas with accessions from three continents

Fatemeh Maghuly; Joanna Jankowicz‐Cieslak; Stephan Pabinger; et al. Biotechnology Journal 2014. doi:10.1002/biot.201400196

Other claims from this paper (8)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Artemisia ketone was the least toxic.

Taxon
Artemisia californicaArtemisia californicae1
Outcome
Artemisia ketone is least toxice0
Direction
least toxice0

Verbatim

e0

“Artemisia ketone is least toxic.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 211–243
e1

“Artemisia californica”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 23–44

Title

Toxic Terpenes from Artemisia Californica

J. Pat Halligan Ecology 1975. doi:10.2307/1936312

Other claims from this paper (9)

Molecular genetics & genomics 1259

Show all 1,259 →
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Novel SNPs separated toxic, non-toxic and Mexican accessions.

Taxon
Jatropha curcasJatropha curcast0
Outcome
separating toxic, non-toxic, and Mexican accessionse0
Comparator
toxic, non-toxic, and Mexican accessionse0

Verbatim

e0

“Novel SNPs allowed separating toxic, non-toxic, and Mexican accessions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1204–1274
t0

“Jatropha curcas”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 100–115

Title

Geographic origin is not supported by the genetic variability found in a large living collection of Jatropha curcas with accessions from three continents

Fatemeh Maghuly; Joanna Jankowicz‐Cieslak; Stephan Pabinger; et al. Biotechnology Journal 2014. doi:10.1002/biot.201400196

Other claims from this paper (8)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Non-toxic cadmium levels inhibited PTGS.

Taxon
plante1
Treatment
non-toxice0
Outcome
PTGSe0
Direction
inhibitede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“non-toxic, but not toxic, levels of cadmium inhibited PTGS”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 524–582
e1

“plant gene expression”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 87–108

Title

Inhibition of systemic onset of post‐transcriptional gene silencing by non‐toxic concentrations of cadmium

Shoko Ueki; Vitaly Citovsky The Plant Journal 2001. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.01145.x

Other claims from this paper (9)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Toxic cadmium levels did not inhibit PTGS.

Taxon
plante1
Treatment
toxice0
Outcome
PTGSe0
Direction
note0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“non-toxic, but not toxic, levels of cadmium inhibited PTGS”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 524–582
e1

“plant gene expression”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 87–108

Title

Inhibition of systemic onset of post‐transcriptional gene silencing by non‐toxic concentrations of cadmium

Shoko Ueki; Vitaly Citovsky The Plant Journal 2001. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.01145.x

Other claims from this paper (9)

Ecology, evolution & diversity 1007

Show all 1,007 →
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Latex has 19 toxic species and is among the most toxic parts.

Taxon
ornamental plantst0
Organ / stage
latexe5
Outcome
most toxic partse5
Value
19e5

Verbatim

t0

“Toxic ornamental plants in Venezuela”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–36
e5

“The entire plant (35) and latex (19) were the most toxic parts”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 807–869

Title

Toxic ornamental plants in Venezuela

Carlos Varela Romero; Guillermo Vizcarrondo; Mahinda Martínez DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2017

Other claims from this paper (10)
Observationobservedreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Jatropha curcas has toxic and non-toxic genotypes.

Taxon
Jatropha curcasJatropha curcase0
Outcome
a toxic and a non-toxic onee0
Value
two genotypese0

Verbatim

e0

“There are two genotypes of Jatropha curcas, a toxic and a non-toxic one.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1094

Title

Biofuels from Jatropha curcas oil – Perspectives for tropical regions

Klaus Becker Oléagineux Corps gras Lipides 2009. doi:10.1051/ocl.2009.0266

Other claims from this paper (11)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The entire plant has 35 toxic species and is among the most toxic parts.

Taxon
ornamental plantst0
Organ / stage
entire plante5
Outcome
most toxic partse5
Value
35e5

Verbatim

t0

“Toxic ornamental plants in Venezuela”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–36
e5

“The entire plant (35) and latex (19) were the most toxic parts”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 807–869

Title

Toxic ornamental plants in Venezuela

Carlos Varela Romero; Guillermo Vizcarrondo; Mahinda Martínez DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2017

Other claims from this paper (10)

Methods & resources 502

Show all 502 →
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Novel SNPs separated toxic, non-toxic and Mexican accessions.

Taxon
Jatropha curcasJatropha curcast0
Outcome
separating toxic, non-toxic, and Mexican accessionse0
Comparator
toxic, non-toxic, and Mexican accessionse0

Verbatim

e0

“Novel SNPs allowed separating toxic, non-toxic, and Mexican accessions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1204–1274
t0

“Jatropha curcas”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 100–115

Title

Geographic origin is not supported by the genetic variability found in a large living collection of Jatropha curcas with accessions from three continents

Fatemeh Maghuly; Joanna Jankowicz‐Cieslak; Stephan Pabinger; et al. Biotechnology Journal 2014. doi:10.1002/biot.201400196

Other claims from this paper (8)
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

ResNet classified toxic and non-toxic plants in UAE with 90.71% testing accuracy

Taxon
plantsViridiplantaee1
Outcome
testing accuracye4
Value
90.71%e4

Verbatim

e1

“we propose a deep-learning classification approach for plants in UAE”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 228–296
e4

“90.71% testing accuracy”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 789–812

Title

Image Classification for Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants in UAE

Khulood Alobeidli; Maad Shatnawi; Bakheeta Almansoori 2023 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET) 2023. doi:10.1109/aset56582.2023.10180875

Other claims from this paper (2)
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

ResNet classified toxic and non-toxic plants in UAE with 97.94% validation accuracy

Taxon
plantsViridiplantaee1
Outcome
validation accuracye3
Value
97.94%e3

Verbatim

e1

“we propose a deep-learning classification approach for plants in UAE”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 228–296
e3

“ResNet achieved the best performance with 97.94% validation accuracy”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 716–784

Title

Image Classification for Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants in UAE

Khulood Alobeidli; Maad Shatnawi; Bakheeta Almansoori 2023 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET) 2023. doi:10.1109/aset56582.2023.10180875

Other claims from this paper (2)

Development, reproduction & morphology 498

Show all 498 →
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Dicamba was toxic to neo-PLB formation.

Taxon
Hybrid CymbidiumCymbidiumt0
Treatment
dicambae0
Outcome
toxice0
Direction
toxice0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“two herbicides (dicamba and picloram) were equally toxic”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1225–1281
t0

“Hybrid Cymbidium”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–28

Title

Response of Hybrid Cymbidium (Orchidaceae) Protocorm-Like Bodies to 26 Plant Growth Regulators

Jaime A. Teixeira Da Silva Botanica Lithuanica 2014. doi:10.2478/botlit-2014-0001

Other claims from this paper (19)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Picloram was toxic to neo-PLB formation.

Taxon
Hybrid CymbidiumCymbidiumt0
Treatment
piclorame0
Outcome
toxice0
Direction
toxice0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“two herbicides (dicamba and picloram) were equally toxic”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1225–1281
t0

“Hybrid Cymbidium”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–28

Title

Response of Hybrid Cymbidium (Orchidaceae) Protocorm-Like Bodies to 26 Plant Growth Regulators

Jaime A. Teixeira Da Silva Botanica Lithuanica 2014. doi:10.2478/botlit-2014-0001

Other claims from this paper (19)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

BSAA was toxic to neo-PLB formation.

Taxon
Hybrid CymbidiumCymbidiumt0
Treatment
BSAAe0
Outcome
toxice0
Direction
toxice0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“A synthetic auxin (BSAA), a cytokinin (4-CPPU) and two herbicides (dicamba and picloram) were equally toxic”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1174–1281
t0

“Hybrid Cymbidium”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–28

Title

Response of Hybrid Cymbidium (Orchidaceae) Protocorm-Like Bodies to 26 Plant Growth Regulators

Jaime A. Teixeira Da Silva Botanica Lithuanica 2014. doi:10.2478/botlit-2014-0001

Other claims from this paper (19)

not stated 304

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

MWT-treated soils were classified as non-toxic or low-toxic by ecotoxicological biotests.

Taxon
Heracleum sosnowskyiHeracleum sosnowskyit0
Outcome
non-toxic or low-toxice0
Qualifier
According to the ecotoxicological biotestse0

Verbatim

t0

“microwave controlled Heracleum sosnowskyi (Manden.) roots”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 16–73
e0

“According to the ecotoxicological biotests, the MWT soils were classified as non-toxic or low-toxic”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1059–1158

Title

Biochemistry of microwave controlled Heracleum sosnowskyi (Manden.) roots with an ecotoxicological aspect

Krzysztof Słowiński; Beata Grygierzec; Anna Wajs-Bonikowska; et al. Scientific Reports 2024. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-65164-4

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Other claims from this paper (7)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The peptide was slightly toxic to mouse B-16 melanoma cells.

Taxon
mouseB-16melanoma cellse0
Outcome
slightly toxice0

Verbatim

e0

“Thepeptide isslightly toxic to mouseB-16melanoma cells”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 434–488

Title

Properties ofaSmall Basic Peptide fromPumpkin Seeds

Leop . Vernon 1988

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Other claims from this paper (6)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The best logistic regression model contained the three-leaf and dark red stem features, which the authors identify as the most reliable for distinguishing toxic from non-toxic plants.

Taxon
toxic and non-toxic plantse0
Outcome
three-leaf and dark red stem featurese0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“The best-performing logistic regression model contained the three-leaf and dark red stem features indicating that these two features are the most reliable ones used to distinguish between toxic and non-toxic plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1113–1327

Title

Plant Toxicity Classification by Image

Eera Bhatt; Clayton Greenberg Journal of Student Research 2023. doi:10.47611/jsrhs.v12i1.4030

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Other claims from this paper (3)

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