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“dry weight decrease”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing salt concentration increase proline amino acid and soluble sugars content in leaves.

Taxon: Apple (M. pomila)Malus domesticat0
Treatment: increasing salt concentratione0
Outcome: proline amino acid and soluble sugars content in leavese0
Direction: increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The results of this work indicate that increasing salt concentration in the nutrient solution leads to: (a) a decline in the stomata conductance (b) the reduction of leaf chlorophyll content (c) to a decrease in leaf water potential and relative water content (d) the reduction of vegetative shoot growth, diameter of stem and trunk width area (e) significantly decrease in the leaf area, leaf expansion rate, leaf fresh…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1498–2262

t0
“Apple (M. pomila)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–29

Title

Response of Apple (M. pomila) Dwarf Rootstocks To Salinity Stress

Amim Alizadeh; Valida Alizade 2013

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration decline stomata conductance.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration reduction leaf chlorophyll content.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration decrease leaf water potential and relative water content.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration reduction vegetative shoot growth, diameter of stem and trunk width area.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration decrease leaf area, leaf expansion rate, leaf fresh and dry weight.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration non significantly affected number of leaves and number of roots.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration increase percentage of dead leaves.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration increase root/leaf ratio.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

SDI produced aril juice with higher soluble solids content than a fully irrigated control in pomegranate.

Taxon: PomegranatePunica granatumt0
Organ / stage: aril juicee3
Treatment: SDI strategye2
Outcome: soluble solids contente3
Direction: highere3
Comparator: fully irrigated controle0

Verbatim

t0
“Physiological Disorders of Pomegranate Fruits”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–113

e0
“L.) compared to a fully irrigated control in a Mediterranean climate”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–68

e2
“The SDI strategy, which achieved considerable water savings of approximately 50%, led to a reduction in yield (both total and marketable), as well as a decrease in the size and unit weight of the fruits”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 188–390

e3
“it also produced arils with higher dry matter content and aril juice with higher soluble solids content, all without altering the maturity index”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 401–545

Title

The Effect of Deficit Irrigation on the Quality Characteristics and Physiological Disorders of Pomegranate Fruits

Rossana Porras-Jorge; José Mariano Aguilar; Carlos Baixauli; et al. Plants 2025. doi:10.3390/plants14050720

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) achieved water savings of approximately 50% relative to a fully irrigated control in pomegranate.
Intervention effect SDI reduced total and marketable yield of pomegranate relative to a fully irrigated control.
Intervention effect SDI decreased fruit size and unit weight of pomegranate relative to a fully irrigated control.
Intervention effect SDI produced arils with higher dry matter content than a fully irrigated control in pomegranate.
Intervention effect SDI left the maturity index of pomegranate unchanged across the irrigation strategies.
Intervention effect SDI increased non-marketable production of pomegranate because of more cracking, particularly in the hot, dry summer of 2023.
Intervention effect SDI gave a greater percentage of pink-red rind on marketable pomegranate fruits than the other strategies.
Recommendation SDI could allow earlier harvesting of pomegranate and so enhance its commercial value.
Intervention effect Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) achieved a slight water saving in pomegranate.
Intervention effect RDI did not compromise marketable yield or fruit quality characteristics of pomegranate.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sludge-grown plantain had increased moisture content (5.03%) versus control.

Taxon: Plantain (Musa paradisaica)Musa ABB Groupt0
Treatment: test samplee0
Outcome: moisture contente0
Direction: increasee0
Value: 5.03%e0
Comparator: controle0

Verbatim

e0
“The proximate composition calculated on a dry weight basis revealed an increase in moisture content (5.03%), crude protein (7.41%), crude fibre (3.58%), as well as a decrease in crude fat (2.31%), ash content (3.08%), carbohydrate (78.58%), and energy value (364.78 kcal/kg) for the test sample over the control (3.86%, 3.58%, 2.51%, 2.53%, 3.15%, 84.36%, and 374.57 kcal/kg) respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 373–761

t0
“Plantain (Musa paradisaica)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 22–49

Title

Nutritive Benefits of Plantain (Musa paradisaica) Grown with Sludge Obtained from Wastewater Treatment Plant within Port-Harcourt Environment

Emmanuel I Amadi; Ben A Amadi; F. U. Igwe; et al. Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology 2021

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had increased crude protein (7.41%) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had increased crude fibre (3.58%) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased crude fat (2.31%) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased ash content (3.08%) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased carbohydrate (78.58%) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased energy value (364.78 kcal/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had increased iron (Fe) (88.87 mg/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had increased potassium (K) (5930.46 mg/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had increased calcium (Ca) (1783.47 mg/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased sodium (Na) (127.69 mg/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased phosphorus (P) (0.78 mg/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased magnesium (Mg) (1000.33 mg/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased zinc (Zn) (5.93 mg/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Moisture, fibre, protein, carbohydrate, and mineral contents differed significantly from controls.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sludge-grown plantain had increased crude protein (7.41%) versus control.

Taxon: Plantain (Musa paradisaica)Musa ABB Groupt0
Treatment: test samplee0
Outcome: crude proteine0
Direction: increasee0
Value: 7.41%e0
Comparator: controle0

Verbatim

e0
“The proximate composition calculated on a dry weight basis revealed an increase in moisture content (5.03%), crude protein (7.41%), crude fibre (3.58%), as well as a decrease in crude fat (2.31%), ash content (3.08%), carbohydrate (78.58%), and energy value (364.78 kcal/kg) for the test sample over the control (3.86%, 3.58%, 2.51%, 2.53%, 3.15%, 84.36%, and 374.57 kcal/kg) respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 373–761

t0
“Plantain (Musa paradisaica)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 22–49

Title

Nutritive Benefits of Plantain (Musa paradisaica) Grown with Sludge Obtained from Wastewater Treatment Plant within Port-Harcourt Environment

Emmanuel I Amadi; Ben A Amadi; F. U. Igwe; et al. Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology 2021

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had increased moisture content (5.03%) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had increased crude fibre (3.58%) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased crude fat (2.31%) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased ash content (3.08%) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased carbohydrate (78.58%) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased energy value (364.78 kcal/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had increased iron (Fe) (88.87 mg/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had increased potassium (K) (5930.46 mg/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had increased calcium (Ca) (1783.47 mg/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased sodium (Na) (127.69 mg/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased phosphorus (P) (0.78 mg/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased magnesium (Mg) (1000.33 mg/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased zinc (Zn) (5.93 mg/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Moisture, fibre, protein, carbohydrate, and mineral contents differed significantly from controls.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sludge-grown plantain had increased crude fibre (3.58%) versus control.

Taxon: Plantain (Musa paradisaica)Musa ABB Groupt0
Treatment: test samplee0
Outcome: crude fibree0
Direction: increasee0
Value: 3.58%e0
Comparator: controle0

Verbatim

e0
“The proximate composition calculated on a dry weight basis revealed an increase in moisture content (5.03%), crude protein (7.41%), crude fibre (3.58%), as well as a decrease in crude fat (2.31%), ash content (3.08%), carbohydrate (78.58%), and energy value (364.78 kcal/kg) for the test sample over the control (3.86%, 3.58%, 2.51%, 2.53%, 3.15%, 84.36%, and 374.57 kcal/kg) respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 373–761

t0
“Plantain (Musa paradisaica)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 22–49

Title

Nutritive Benefits of Plantain (Musa paradisaica) Grown with Sludge Obtained from Wastewater Treatment Plant within Port-Harcourt Environment

Emmanuel I Amadi; Ben A Amadi; F. U. Igwe; et al. Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology 2021

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had increased moisture content (5.03%) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had increased crude protein (7.41%) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased crude fat (2.31%) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased ash content (3.08%) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased carbohydrate (78.58%) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased energy value (364.78 kcal/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had increased iron (Fe) (88.87 mg/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had increased potassium (K) (5930.46 mg/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had increased calcium (Ca) (1783.47 mg/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased sodium (Na) (127.69 mg/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased phosphorus (P) (0.78 mg/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased magnesium (Mg) (1000.33 mg/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Sludge-grown plantain had decreased zinc (Zn) (5.93 mg/kg) versus control.
Intervention effect Moisture, fibre, protein, carbohydrate, and mineral contents differed significantly from controls.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing salt concentration reduction vegetative shoot growth, diameter of stem and trunk width area.

Taxon: Apple (M. pomila)Malus domesticat0
Treatment: increasing salt concentratione0
Outcome: vegetative shoot growth, diameter of stem and trunk width areae0
Direction: reductione0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The results of this work indicate that increasing salt concentration in the nutrient solution leads to: (a) a decline in the stomata conductance (b) the reduction of leaf chlorophyll content (c) to a decrease in leaf water potential and relative water content (d) the reduction of vegetative shoot growth, diameter of stem and trunk width area (e) significantly decrease in the leaf area, leaf expansion rate, leaf fresh…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1498–2262

t0
“Apple (M. pomila)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–29

Title

Response of Apple (M. pomila) Dwarf Rootstocks To Salinity Stress

Amim Alizadeh; Valida Alizade 2013

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration decline stomata conductance.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration reduction leaf chlorophyll content.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration decrease leaf water potential and relative water content.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration decrease leaf area, leaf expansion rate, leaf fresh and dry weight.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration non significantly affected number of leaves and number of roots.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration increase percentage of dead leaves.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration increase root/leaf ratio.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration increase proline amino acid and soluble sugars content in leaves.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Folic treatments increased protein and phenol

Taxon: spinach (Spnancia oleracea), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and chorchorus (Chorchorus olitorius)e0
Treatment: folic treatmentse1
Outcome: protein and phenole1
Direction: increasede1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“A pot experiment was conducted to assess the effects of three concentrations of folic acid (5,10&20 mM); through two applications, soaking or spraying on the growth and biological activities of spinach (Spnancia oleracea), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and chorchorus (Chorchorus olitorius) during vegetative stage”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–309

e1
“Fresh and dry weight of the test plants either decrease or increase but, water percentage, generally decreased by folic applications. At most, pigments, total carbohydrates, nitrogen, protein and phenol increased while alkaloids decreased, in response to folic treatments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 703–974

Title

Folic acid applications affect growth and metabolism of Spinaciaoleracea,Lactuca sativa and Corchorus olitorius

Wafaa K. Abdultwab; Samia A. Haroun; Yasser El-Amier Mansoura Journal of Biology 2020. doi:10.21608/mjb.2020.460387

Other claims from this paper (18)

Intervention effect Folic acid changed fresh and dry weight of spinach, lettuce and corchorus, either increasing or decreasing them
Intervention effect Folic applications generally decreased water percentage of the test plants
Intervention effect Folic treatments increased pigments, total carbohydrates and nitrogen
Intervention effect Folic treatments decreased alkaloids
Intervention effect Folic acid decreased PPO activity in spinach
Intervention effect Folic acid increased CAT and POX activity in spinach
Intervention effect Folic acid did not change PPO activity in lettuce
Intervention effect Folic acid decreased CAT and POX activity in lettuce
Intervention effect Folic treatment had little effect on PPO, CAT and POX in corchorus, with at most slight increases
Intervention effect Folic applications increased K, Ca and Mg content in the three plants
Intervention effect Folic applications decreased Na content in the three plants
Intervention effect Foliar spraying of folic acid was more effective than soaking pretreatment
Association The largest response to folic addition was in Chorchorus olitorius
Intervention effect Soaking seeds in folic acid changed soil texture from clay silty to clay loam
Intervention effect Folic acid treatments decreased soil water holding capacity and porosity
Intervention effect Folic treatments decreased soil pH, Cl, Na and Ca compared with untreated soil
Intervention effect Folic treatments increased soil EC, organic matter and CaCO3 compared with untreated soil
Intervention effect Folic treatments increased soil HCO3, SO4, K and Mg compared with untreated soil

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

March girdling on MM 106 rootstock gave the highest increases in fruiting and quality traits.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Material: MM 106 rootstocke0
Treatment: girdling old shoots on mid-Marche0
Outcome: fruit set %, spurs number, leaf areae0
Direction: highest increasee0

Verbatim

e0
“girdling old shoots on mid-March treatment of the some trees onto MM 106 rootstock signiﬁcantly gave the highest increase of fruit set %, spurs number, leaf area, dry matter %, fruit weight, volume, diameter and length, total soluble solids (TSS %) and total carbohydrates %, C/N ratio, ABA and IAA, while gave significant decrease in fruit firmness, acidity, leaf N content in the ist and 2nd seasons.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 986–1388

t0
“APPLE TREES”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–82

Title

EFFECT OF BENDING AND GIRDLING SHOOTS ON GROWTH AND FRUITING OF "ANNA" APPLE TREES GRAFTED ON TWO APPLE ROOTSTOCKS

Eman Kandil,; A. Hussein; I. Saied Journal of Plant Production 2006. doi:10.21608/jpp.2006.235789

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Most bending and girdling treatments increased fruit set, spur number, and leaf area relative to control.
Intervention effect Treatments increased fruit weight, volume, diameter and length.
Intervention effect Treatments increased dry matter, soluble solids, carbohydrates, C/N ratio and hormones.
Intervention effect Treatments reduced fruit firmness, acidity and total nitrogen.
Observation November bending on Malus rootstock gave the highest increase in fruit set, spur number, leaf area, dry matter, fruit traits, solids, carbohydrate ratio and hormones.
Recommendation The authors recommend November bending on Malus and March girdling on MM 106.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mycorrhizal plants had lower chloride and sodium uptake and root to shoot transport.

Taxon: pistachioPistacia verat0
Treatment: +Me0
Outcome: Rates of uptake and root to shoot transport of Cl- and Na+e0
Direction: lowere0
Comparator: -Me0

Verbatim

e0
“Rates of uptake and root to shoot transport of Cl- and Na+ were markedly lower in +M than in -M plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 967–1069

e1
“In a greenhouse experiment, plant growth and rates of uptake and root to shoot transport of chloride and sodium were investigated in seedlings of pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. Badami-Riz-Zarand) inoculated with Glomus mosseae and exposed for 21 and 42 days with four salinity levels (0.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–312

e2
“Mycorrhizal (+M) plants maintained greater root and shoot biomass at all salinity levels compared to non-mycorrhizal (-M) plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 313–441

e3
“In -M plants, salt intensity had no significant effect on shoot dry weight (SDW) and leaf dry weight (LDW) on each of harvesting dates but root dry weight (RDW) showed a significant decrease at the highest salinity level 42 days after the start of salt treatment (DAT) in comparison with control (EC of 0.5 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 443–757

e4
“In +M plants, SDW was increased with an increase in salt intensity especially in the first harvesting date.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 758–865

e5
“In conclusion, the study indicates that pistachio tolerance to salt stress is improved by mycorrhizal colonization, although the salinity levels used in this work could not induce biomass reduction in -M pistachio plants, higher levels of salinity should be investigated in order to optimize the effect of this symbiosis.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1115–1436

t0
“pistachio”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 62–71

Title

Role of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Growth and Salt Avoidance of Pistachio Plants

M. H. Shamshiri; F. Pourizadi; Hamid Reza Karimi DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2014

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Mycorrhizal pistachio maintained greater root and shoot biomass at every salinity level.
Intervention effect Salinity did not significantly change shoot or leaf dry weight in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect At the highest salinity after 42 days, root dry weight fell in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Association Shoot dry weight increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants, especially at the first harvest.
Association Root dry weight also increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Leaf dry weight did not respond to salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal colonization reduced chloride and sodium accumulation.
Observation The authors concluded that mycorrhizal colonization improves pistachio salt tolerance.
Recommendation The authors recommended testing higher salinity levels.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Folic applications generally decreased water percentage of the test plants

Taxon: spinach (Spnancia oleracea), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and chorchorus (Chorchorus olitorius)e0
Treatment: folic applicationse1
Outcome: water percentagee1
Direction: decreasede1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“A pot experiment was conducted to assess the effects of three concentrations of folic acid (5,10&20 mM); through two applications, soaking or spraying on the growth and biological activities of spinach (Spnancia oleracea), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and chorchorus (Chorchorus olitorius) during vegetative stage”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–309

e1
“Fresh and dry weight of the test plants either decrease or increase but, water percentage, generally decreased by folic applications. At most, pigments, total carbohydrates, nitrogen, protein and phenol increased while alkaloids decreased, in response to folic treatments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 703–974

Title

Folic acid applications affect growth and metabolism of Spinaciaoleracea,Lactuca sativa and Corchorus olitorius

Wafaa K. Abdultwab; Samia A. Haroun; Yasser El-Amier Mansoura Journal of Biology 2020. doi:10.21608/mjb.2020.460387

Other claims from this paper (18)

Intervention effect Folic acid changed fresh and dry weight of spinach, lettuce and corchorus, either increasing or decreasing them
Intervention effect Folic treatments increased pigments, total carbohydrates and nitrogen
Intervention effect Folic treatments increased protein and phenol
Intervention effect Folic treatments decreased alkaloids
Intervention effect Folic acid decreased PPO activity in spinach
Intervention effect Folic acid increased CAT and POX activity in spinach
Intervention effect Folic acid did not change PPO activity in lettuce
Intervention effect Folic acid decreased CAT and POX activity in lettuce
Intervention effect Folic treatment had little effect on PPO, CAT and POX in corchorus, with at most slight increases
Intervention effect Folic applications increased K, Ca and Mg content in the three plants
Intervention effect Folic applications decreased Na content in the three plants
Intervention effect Foliar spraying of folic acid was more effective than soaking pretreatment
Association The largest response to folic addition was in Chorchorus olitorius
Intervention effect Soaking seeds in folic acid changed soil texture from clay silty to clay loam
Intervention effect Folic acid treatments decreased soil water holding capacity and porosity
Intervention effect Folic treatments decreased soil pH, Cl, Na and Ca compared with untreated soil
Intervention effect Folic treatments increased soil EC, organic matter and CaCO3 compared with untreated soil
Intervention effect Folic treatments increased soil HCO3, SO4, K and Mg compared with untreated soil

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“dry weight decrease”

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