Search claims · PlantClaims

Associationobservedoriginal resultnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Tannin concentration across kernel development stages was not significantly related to fall armyworm larval weight.

Taxon: sorghumSorghumt0
Organ / stage: kernel developmente0
Interactor: FAWe0pest
Compound: tannine0
Outcome: weights of FAW larvaee0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“No significant relationship was found between tannin concentration of various stages of kernel development and weights of FAW larvae.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 553–686

t0
“Sorghum”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 33–40

Title

Biological Effects of Developing Sorghum Panicles in a Meridic Diet on Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Development

B. R. Wiseman; H. N. Pitre; S. L. Fales; et al. Journal of Economic Entomology 1986. doi:10.1093/jee/79.6.1637

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Mean weight per mature kernel did not vary significantly among treatments.

Taxon: macadamiaMacadamiat0
Treatment: treatmentse0
Outcome: mean weight per mature kernele0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0
“but not mean weight per mature kernel (P = 0.90), varied among treatments.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 948–1022

t0
“Macadamia”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 63–72

Title

Effects of Stage of Nut Development and Simulated Rat Damage onMacadamia Yields

Mark E. Tobin; Ann E. Koehler; Robert T. Sugfflara; et al. Proceedings - Vertebrate Pest Conference 1996

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Mature nut number per raceme varied among simulated-damage treatments.
Intervention effect Mature kernel weight per raceme varied among simulated-damage treatments.
Association Nut number declined with increasing simulated damage.
Association Total kernel weight declined with increasing simulated damage.
Intervention effect Timing of simulated damage had no apparent effect on yield.
Mechanism The authors infer that racemes did not compensate for damage by retaining other nuts.
Observation All random variation in nut number and total nut weight per raceme was between racemes on a tree.
Observation At least 93% of variation in mean mature nut weight was between racemes on a tree.
Recommendation The authors recommend sampling more racemes per tree and fewer trees to distinguish treatment effects.
Recommendation The authors suggest branches or trees as experimental units to study compensation more realistically.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativenot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

RDI reduced kernel yield by a nonsignificant 7%.

Taxon: almondPrunus dulcise0
Treatment: RDIe1
Outcome: kernel yielde1
Direction: reductione1
Value: 7%e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“mature almond”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 174–187

e1
“RDI caused a nonsignificant 7% reduction in kernel yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1913–1969

Title

Effects of regulated deficit irrigation during the pre-harvest period on gas exchange, leaf development and crop yield of mature almond trees

P. Romero; J. M. Navarro; F. Garcia; et al. Tree Physiology 2004. doi:10.1093/treephys/24.3.303

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Under RDI, predawn leaf water potential was -2.37 MPa versus above -1.0 MPa in controls.
Intervention effect Under RDI, relative water content was 82% versus above 92% in controls.
Intervention effect Long-term RDI stress progressively reduced stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation and transpiration, significantly after 21 days.
Intervention effect At maximum stress, CO2 assimilation was 64% lower than controls.
Intervention effect At maximum stress, stomatal conductance was 67% lower than controls.
Intervention effect At maximum stress, transpiration was 56% lower than controls.
Association CO2 assimilation, transpiration and stomatal conductance were highly correlated.
Observation Plant water status recovered within 15 days after irrigation resumed.
Observation CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance recovered rapidly and completely, more slowly than water status.
Intervention effect Severe kernel-filling water stress caused premature defoliation.
Intervention effect Severe kernel-filling water stress reduced leaf growth rate and leaf area.
Association Kernel yield correlated with leaf water potential.
Intervention effect RDI had no effect on kernel size.
Intervention effect RDI improved water-use efficiency with about 30% less irrigation water.
Recommendation The authors recommend RDI for high-cropping almonds in semiarid regions if predawn water potential stays above -2 MPa.

Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Planting pattern and genotype did not interact significantly for pod and kernel yields.

Taxon: PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
Treatment: Planting patterne0
Outcome: pod and kernel yieldse0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“Planting pattern and genotype interaction effects on pod and kernel yields were not significant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1488–1583

t0
“Peanut”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 49–55

Title

Canopy Development, Yield, and Market Quality in Peanut as Affected by Genotype and Planting Pattern

Z. Jaaffar; F. P. Gardner Crop Science 1988. doi:10.2135/cropsci1988.0011183x002800020024x

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Narrow and twin rows increased ground cover, leaf area and light interception.
Intervention effect Narrow and twin rows increased crop growth rate.
Intervention effect Narrow and twin rows increased dry matter, pod and kernel yield.
Intervention effect Planting pattern had no significant effect on market quality.
Observation Florunner and Tamnut had superior growth and kernel yield to experimental lines.
Recommendation Near square planting patterns were recommended for higher pod and kernel yields.
Recommendation Narrow or conventional rows were considered suitable for genotype screening.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Timing of N application (single vs. split) had no significant impact on tiller development or spike number.

Taxon: Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
Treatment: Timing of N (single vs. split) applicatione6
Outcome: tiller development, spike number, kernel numbere6
Direction: no_changeinferrede6
Comparator: singlee6

Verbatim

e0
“Vegetative growth in the form of tillers is crucial to final yield in winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 210–316

e6
“Timing of N (single vs. split) application resulted in no significant impact on tiller development, spike number, kernel number, kernel weight, or grain yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1490–1648

Title

Tiller Initiation and its Effects on Yield and Yield Components in Winter Wheat

M. Scott Tilley; Ronnie W. Heiniger; Carl R. Crozier Agronomy Journal 2019. doi:10.2134/agronj2018.07.0469

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Final maize kernel weight was not significantly decreased by long-term stress imposed in the linear-filling phase.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Treatment: long‐term stresse0
Outcome: Final kernel weighte1
Direction: not significantly decreasede1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“When long‐term stress was imposed during the linear‐filling phase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1724–1789

e1
“Final kernel weight was not significantly decreased”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1925–1976

t0
“Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 63–68

Title

Effect of Water Deficit during Grain Filling on the Pattern of Maize Kernel Growth and Development¹

S. Ouattar; R. J. Jones; R. K. Crookston Crop Science 1987. doi:10.2135/cropsci1987.0011183x002700040025x

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Larval mortality under neem seed kernel extract at 5% was statistically at par with triazophos at half recommended dose.

Taxon: neemAzadirachta indicae4
Treatment: neem seed kernel extract @ 5%e4
Interactor: Spodoptera lituraSpodoptera liturat0pest
Outcome: larval mortality percentagese4
Direction: at pare4
Comparator: triazophos 40 EC at half recommended dosee4

Verbatim

t0
“Effect of some botanical extracts on larval growth and development of Spodoptera litura (F.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–92

e4
“the larval mortality percentages observed in case of triazophos 40 EC at half recommended dose and neem seed kernel extract @ 5% were found statistically at par with each other”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 585–761

Title

Effect of some botanical extracts on larval growth and development of Spodoptera litura (F.)

US Kulkarni; S. K. Aherkar; S. L. Borkar Indian Journal of Entomology 2014

Other claims from this paper (3)

Intervention effect Neem seed kernel extract gave the highest reduction in larval weight of Spodoptera litura.
Intervention effect Subza leaf extract gave the highest reduction in larval period of Spodoptera litura.
Observation Larval mortality of Spodoptera litura was relatively low in the plant extract treatments.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Kernel tissue weight differences did not significantly alter larval maturation.

Taxon: Sweet Cornt0
Treatment: kernel tissuee1
Interactor: European corn borerOstrinia nubilalist0peste0
Outcome: 10-day larval maturatione0
Direction: similare0
Comparator: cellulose controle0

Verbatim

e0
“These weight differences, however, were not significant developmentally as 10-day larval maturation (fourth to fifth instar) and pupation time (13.9 to 16.3 days) were similar to the cellulose control (fifth instar and 14.8 days)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 725–954

t0
“Sweet Corn Tissues for Allelochemicals that Affect European Corn Borer Larval Development”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 21–110

e1
“kernel tissue from W182E, MN275, and MN272”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 424–466

Title

Initial Screening of Sweet Corn Tissues for Allelochemicals that Affect European Corn Borer Larval Development

Daniel F. Warnock; David W. Davis; William D. Hutchison HortScience 1996. doi:10.21273/hortsci.31.4.622c

Other claims from this paper (17)

Intervention effect W182E kernel tissue decreased 10-day corn borer larval weight to 66.3 mg versus cellulose control.
Intervention effect MN275 kernel tissue decreased 10-day corn borer larval weight to 61.7 mg versus cellulose control.
Intervention effect MN272 kernel tissue decreased 10-day corn borer larval weight to 54.5 mg versus cellulose control.
Intervention effect MG15 kernel tissue increased 10-day corn borer larval weight to 88.3 mg versus cellulose control.
Intervention effect MN270 kernel tissue increased 10-day corn borer larval weight to 81.5 mg versus cellulose control.
Intervention effect MN3053 kernel tissue increased 10-day corn borer larval weight to 80.8 mg versus cellulose control.
Intervention effect Kernel tissue weight differences did not significantly alter pupation time.
Intervention effect Silk tissue decreased 10-day larval weight relative to cellulose control.
Observation MN3053 silk produced among the lightest larvae, 9.1 mg.
Observation W182E silk produced among the lightest larvae, 8.3 mg.
Observation `Apache' silk produced among the lightest larvae, 7.8 mg.
Observation Jubilee silk produced the heaviest larvae among silk diets at 54.1 mg.
Intervention effect Most silk diets delayed corn borer larval maturation to third or early fourth instar versus fifth instar on cellulose.
Observation Jubilee silk larvae reached fourth to fifth instar after 10 days.
Intervention effect Silk additions increased pupation time compared with kernel additions for every genotype.
Mechanism Authors infer kernel, especially silk, may have chemical resistance factors that reduce larval weight and increase development time.
Recommendation Identifying sweet corn genotypes with chemical resistance factors may improve corn borer resistance breeding efficiency.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Kernel tissue weight differences did not significantly alter pupation time.

Taxon: Sweet Cornt0
Treatment: kernel tissuee1
Interactor: European corn borerOstrinia nubilalist0peste0
Outcome: pupation timee0
Direction: similare0
Value: 13.9 to 16.3 dayse0
Comparator: cellulose controle0

Verbatim

e0
“These weight differences, however, were not significant developmentally as 10-day larval maturation (fourth to fifth instar) and pupation time (13.9 to 16.3 days) were similar to the cellulose control (fifth instar and 14.8 days)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 725–954

t0
“Sweet Corn Tissues for Allelochemicals that Affect European Corn Borer Larval Development”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 21–110

e1
“kernel tissue from W182E, MN275, and MN272”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 424–466

Title

Initial Screening of Sweet Corn Tissues for Allelochemicals that Affect European Corn Borer Larval Development

Daniel F. Warnock; David W. Davis; William D. Hutchison HortScience 1996. doi:10.21273/hortsci.31.4.622c

Other claims from this paper (17)

Intervention effect W182E kernel tissue decreased 10-day corn borer larval weight to 66.3 mg versus cellulose control.
Intervention effect MN275 kernel tissue decreased 10-day corn borer larval weight to 61.7 mg versus cellulose control.
Intervention effect MN272 kernel tissue decreased 10-day corn borer larval weight to 54.5 mg versus cellulose control.
Intervention effect MG15 kernel tissue increased 10-day corn borer larval weight to 88.3 mg versus cellulose control.
Intervention effect MN270 kernel tissue increased 10-day corn borer larval weight to 81.5 mg versus cellulose control.
Intervention effect MN3053 kernel tissue increased 10-day corn borer larval weight to 80.8 mg versus cellulose control.
Intervention effect Kernel tissue weight differences did not significantly alter larval maturation.
Intervention effect Silk tissue decreased 10-day larval weight relative to cellulose control.
Observation MN3053 silk produced among the lightest larvae, 9.1 mg.
Observation W182E silk produced among the lightest larvae, 8.3 mg.
Observation `Apache' silk produced among the lightest larvae, 7.8 mg.
Observation Jubilee silk produced the heaviest larvae among silk diets at 54.1 mg.
Intervention effect Most silk diets delayed corn borer larval maturation to third or early fourth instar versus fifth instar on cellulose.
Observation Jubilee silk larvae reached fourth to fifth instar after 10 days.
Intervention effect Silk additions increased pupation time compared with kernel additions for every genotype.
Mechanism Authors infer kernel, especially silk, may have chemical resistance factors that reduce larval weight and increase development time.
Recommendation Identifying sweet corn genotypes with chemical resistance factors may improve corn borer resistance breeding efficiency.

Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Type I apical kernel weight and volume did not differ significantly from complete or natural pollination kernels.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Outcome: weight and volumee0
Direction: no significant differencese0
Comparator: the treatment of complete pollination at the same time and the treatment of natural pollinatione0

Verbatim

e0
“For the apical kernel of type I,there were no significant differences in weight and volume compared with the middle or basal kernel of the treatment of complete pollination at the same time and the treatment of natural pollination”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 722–952

t0
“Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 13–18

Title

Mechanism of Maize Kernel Setting and Characteristics of Kernel Growth and Development under Controlled Pollination

Feng Han ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA 2011

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Controlled pollination improved apical kernel weight and volume.
Intervention effect Controlled pollination decreased ear kernel number.
Intervention effect Controlled pollination decreased ear kernel weight.
Observation Apical kernels had the smallest weight and volume on an ear.
Intervention effect Type II increased kernel setting rate.
Intervention effect Type III increased kernel setting rate.
Association In type II, kernel dry weight correlated positively with setting rate.
Association In type II, kernel volume correlated positively with setting rate.
Association In type III, kernel dry weight correlated negatively with setting rate.
Association In type III, kernel volume correlated negatively with setting rate.
Mechanism Nutrient shortage may explain apical kernel abortion and low weight.
Recommendation Enlarging source and sink was proposed to improve ear kernel weight.

“kernel development”

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