Search claims · PlantClaims

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sucrose supply was closely related to maize kernel development.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Treatment: Sucrose supplye1
Outcome: kernel developmente1

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“maize kernels during the early stage of kernel development”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 65–123

e1
“Sucrose supply has close relationships with kernel development”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 178–240

Title

Regulating Study on Maize Kernel Development in Vitro

Feng Zhang Rain Fed Crops 2001

Other claims from this paper (3)

Association A relatively high ABA/GA 3 ratio favored kernel development.
Observation Early developing kernels were very sensitive to ethylene.
Mechanism Hormonal regulation of kernel development may be mediated by soluble acid invertase.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Kernel moisture decreased during maize kernel development.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Organ / stage: kernele0
Outcome: moisture contente0
Direction: decreasese0

Verbatim

t0
“maize kernel”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–71

e0
“moisture content decreases with kernel development”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 343–393

Title

Effect of moisture content on vitreous matrix formation of maize kernel in normal, opaque-2 and qpm germplasm

Mehak Sethi; Harmanjot Kaur; Dharam Paul Chaudhary Agricultural Research Journal 2020. doi:10.5958/2395-146x.2020.00002.2

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation Opaque-2 retained 23.53% moisture, higher than normal and QPM lines.
Observation All maize types had 100% opaqueness at initial stages.
Observation Normal maize had 0 to 25% opaqueness at maturity.
Observation QPM maize had 0 to 25% opaqueness at maturity.
Observation Opaque-2 maize retained 75–100% opaqueness at maturity.
Mechanism The authors conclude that low moisture helps retain vitreous kernel texture at maturity in normal and QPM maize.
Mechanism The authors conclude that high moisture leads to chalky opaque kernel texture in opaque-2 maize.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Kernel weight increased during development.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Outcome: kernel weighte0
Direction: increasede0

Verbatim

e0
“kernel weight,endosperm cell number and starch content increased”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 256–320

t0
“Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–67

Title

Study on Kernel Position Effects During Kernel Development in Maize

Haiyan Zhang Yumi kexue 2010

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation Endosperm cell number increased during development.
Observation Starch content increased during kernel development.
Observation Kernel volume first rose and then fell during development.
Observation Sucrose content tended to decline during development.
Observation Measured kernel indices were higher in middle-basal than apical kernels.
Mechanism The authors suggest storage, assimilate supply and synthesis capacity may explain position effects.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Early maize kernel development showed little dry weight increase.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Organ / stage: kernel developmente0
Outcome: dry weighte0
Direction: very little increasee0

Verbatim

e0
“At the early stages of kernel development, there was very little increase in dry weight”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 217–304

t0
“maize kernel”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 23–35

Title

Gene expression during maize kernel development

Douglas C. Doehlert; Leslie J. Smith; Edwin R. Duke Seed Science Research 1994. doi:10.1017/s0960258500002336

Other claims from this paper (16)

Observation Early maize kernels accumulated high sugar concentrations.
Observation Early maize kernels accumulated high amino acid concentrations.
Observation Many transcripts appeared at 15 DPP with little evidence of translation.
Observation Total RNA rose suddenly at the initiation of kernel fill at 20 DPP.
Observation Enzyme activities increased at the initiation of kernel fill at 20 DPP.
Observation Storage product accumulation began at the initiation of kernel fill at 20 DPP.
Association Zein accumulation was highly correlated with α-zein transcript abundance during kernel fill.
Association Starch accumulation correlated with ADP-GIc pyrophosphorylase activity.
Association Starch accumulation correlated with Shrunken-2 transcript abundance.
Association Starch accumulation correlated with Brittle-2 transcript abundance.
Observation Kernel DNA content increased linearly up to 30 DPP.
Mechanism Endoreplication accounted for the rise in kernel DNA content up to 30 DPP.
Association Kernel DNA content had no apparent relationship with gene expression.
Observation Kernel fill ended when moisture content fell below 36%.
Observation Transcript abundance declined when kernel fill ended.
Observation Enzyme activities decreased when kernel fill ended.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Each protein fraction contained at least two proteins throughout kernel development.

Taxon: PecanCarya illinoinensist0
Organ / stage: kernel developmente0
Outcome: proteinse0
Value: at least 2 proteinse0

Verbatim

e0
“Each fraction was composed of at least 2 proteins throughout kernel development.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 415–495

t0
“Pecan”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–5

Title

Pecan Kernel Proteins and Their Changes with Kernel Development

B. W. Wood; C. C. Reilly HortScience 1984. doi:10.21273/hortsci.19.5.661

Other claims from this paper (13)

Observation Dilute acid and alkali soluble proteins accumulated rapidly during embryo and cotyledon expansion.
Observation Buffer and alcohol soluble proteins declined during embryo and cotyledon expansion.
Observation Mature kernels contained 7.8% protein.
Observation Mature pecan kernels contained 51% acidic glutelins.
Observation Mature pecan kernels contained 27% alkali glutelins.
Observation Mature pecan kernels contained 9% concentration alkali.
Observation Mature pecan kernels contained 7% prolamine.
Observation Mature pecan kernels contained 4% albumin.
Observation Mature pecan kernels contained 1% globulin.
Observation Proteins in each fraction consisted mainly of neutral amino acids.
Observation Individual amino acid levels were highest for basic amino acids.
Observation Lysine and sulfur containing amino acids had relatively high levels.
Observation Acid soluble glutelins had at least seven subunits at the listed molecular weights.

Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A relatively high ABA/GA 3 ratio favored kernel development.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Compound: ABA/GA 3e1
Outcome: kernel developmente1
Direction: favorse1

Verbatim

e0
“maize kernels during the early stage of kernel development”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 65–123

e1
“a relatively high ABA/GA 3 rate favors to kernel development”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 242–302

Title

Regulating Study on Maize Kernel Development in Vitro

Feng Zhang Rain Fed Crops 2001

Other claims from this paper (3)

Association Sucrose supply was closely related to maize kernel development.
Observation Early developing kernels were very sensitive to ethylene.
Mechanism Hormonal regulation of kernel development may be mediated by soluble acid invertase.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rice kernel development was less affected by temperature extremes than sorghum.

Taxon: RiceOryza sativae0
Outcome: kernel developmente0
Direction: less affectede0
Comparator: sorghume0

Verbatim

e0
“Rice kernel development was less affected by temperature extremes than sorghum”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 397–475

Title

The effect of temperature on kernel development in cereals

SI Chowdhury; IF Wardlaw Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 1978. doi:10.1071/ar9780205

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation Wheat kernel dry weight was optimal at 15/10°.
Observation Sorghum kernel dry weight was optimal at 27/22°C.
Observation Rice kernel weight changed relatively little across 21/16° to 30/25°.
Observation At 21/16°, wheat kernels developed faster than those of other cereals.
Observation At 30/25°, sorghum kernel development rate exceeded other cereals.
Observation Barley kernel development appeared to respond to temperature similarly to wheat.
Observation Photosynthesis measurements suggested carbohydrate remained available after kernel development at all temperatures.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chukyo-Asahi kernel development was somewhat checked.

Taxon: RiceOryza sativat0
Outcome: kernel developmente0
Direction: checkede0

Verbatim

e0
“the kernel development was somewhat checked”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 856–899

t0
“Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 27–31

Title

Observations on Damages to Rice Crops Caused by Wind Storm

Kazuo NAGATO; Ryozo YAMAMOTO; Yoshio KOBAYASHI Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1955. doi:10.1626/jcs.23.265

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation The guarded rice plot had no storm injury.
Observation Tozan No. 59 plants lodged entirely in the storm.
Observation Storm exposure markedly checked nutrient translocation into Tozan No. 59 kernels.
Observation Tozan No. 59 yield was 70 percent of guarded plot yield.
Observation Chukyo-Asahi leaves split into two or three parts in the storm.
Observation Chukyo-Asahi hulls were slightly chafed in the storm.
Observation Chalky, deformed, milk-white and brown kernels increased in Chukyo-Asahi.
Observation Chukyo-Asahi yield was about 10 percent lower than guarded plot yield.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Amylose polymerized early in kernel development.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Organ / stage: kernel developmente0
Outcome: Polymerization processes of amylosee0

Verbatim

e0
“Polymerization processes of amylose during the first steps of kernel development was noticed”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 315–407

t0
“Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 40–45

Title

Changes in the Molecular Composition of Maize Starch During Kernel Development

W. Praznik; H. Schillinger; R. H. F. Beck Starch - Stärke 1987. doi:10.1002/star.19870390602

Other claims from this paper (4)

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The epi eQTL may be a master regulator of kernel development.

Outcome: kernel developmente0
Qualifier: master epi‐transcriptomic regulatore0

Not reportedTaxonGene

Verbatim

e0
“may represent a master epi‐transcriptomic regulator of kernel development”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1079–1152

Title

Junling Pang; Junjie Fu; Na Zong; et al. The Plant Journal 2018. doi:10.1111/tpj.14193

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation The analysis identified 137 putative kernel length related genes at 5 DAP.
Observation Forty-three identified genes were in previously reported QTL regions.
Observation An eQTL overlapped the locus for a maize homolog of ECT 2.
Association The putative epi eQTL was associated with 53 genes.
Association Ten genes associated with the epi eQTL encode main maize endosperm storage proteins.
Association Two associated genes are known regulators of zein expression or endosperm development.

“kernel development”

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