Intervention effectmodel-written summary

Combined amendments increased chickpea nodule number 2.58-fold compared with the untreated control in contaminated soil.

A claim from Combined application of rhizobacteria, organic and inorganic amendments reduce lead and cadmium uptake and improve growth of chickpea by modulating physiology and antioxidant status · 2025

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined amendments increased chickpea nodule number 2.58-fold compared with the untreated control in contaminated soil.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
combined application of rhizobia, rhizobacteria, iron oxide, and pressmude1
Interactor
rhizobiae1symbiont
Second interactor
rhizobacteriaHyphomicrobialese1symbiont
Outcome
nodulese1
Direction
improvede1
Value
2.58 foldse1
Comparator
respective untreated controle1
Setting
contaminated soile1

Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageQualifier

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“growth of chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 115–133
e1

“combined application of rhizobia, rhizobacteria, iron oxide, and pressmud improved shoot fresh weight (87%), root fresh weight (47.9%), root length (47.9%), nodules plant−1 (2.58 folds), photosynthetic rate (63%) and grain yield (39%) of chickpea as compared to respective untreated control in contaminated soil”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 631–942

Title

Combined application of rhizobacteria, organic and inorganic amendments reduce lead and cadmium uptake and improve growth of chickpea by modulating physiology and antioxidant status

Laraib Saeed; Qasim Ali; Muhammad Aon; et al. International Journal of Phytoremediation 2025. doi:10.1080/15226514.2024.2444483

Other claims from this paper (9)

Record rev-7094da7da53bf8ea1c6a297773f0f785ac02591d318c309be7714a16629b22ae · schema claims-v0.9 · position 4 in the model’s answer

inoculation · symbiosis · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results

114 papers: 110 positive, 4 negative or no effect

109 papers in the same direction as this claim · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
    Prior bradyrhizobial inoculation did not increase nodule number.

    Development and activity of the symbiosis between Bradyrhizobium strains, Glomus species and Cicer arietinum: effect of timing of inoculation and photon irradiance · 1994

    Opposite direction

  2. negative
    Inoculation with Macrophomina phaseolina decreased the functional nodule count of chick pea.

    Seed treatment with bio-fungicides for management of dry root rot of Chick pea caused by Macrophomina phaseolina · 2015

    Opposite direction

  3. negative
    Chickpea growth and nodulation progressively decreased as the inoculum level of Meloidogyne incognita race 3 increased.

    Effect of different inoculum levels of Meloidogyne incognita race 3 on the growth of chickpea · 1992

    Opposite direction

  4. no effect
    Rhizobium alone and dual inoculation did not differ significantly for nodule number and weight.

    Changes in root and nutrient uptake of chickpea affected by organic fertilizers and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium · 2024 · compared with dual inoculation of mycorrhiza and Rhizobium

    No difference from an alternative

  5. positive
    Single, dual, and triple bacterial inoculations significantly increased shoot, root and nodule dry weight versus control in controlled and field trials.

    Influence of Nitrogen Fixing and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria on the Nodulation, Plant Growth, and Yield of Chickpea · 2007 · compared with control treatment

    Same direction

  6. positive
    Biochar and AMF increased nodule number and weight.

    Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biochar improves drought tolerance in chickpea · 2018

    Same direction

  7. positive
    Rhizobacterial co-inoculation with Rhizobium significantly increased nodule weight, root and shoot biomass, and total plant nitrogen.

    Stimulation of nitrogen fixation and induction of flavonoid-like compounds by rhizobacteria · 1999

    Same direction

  8. positive
    CPS-2, CPS-3 and Ca-18 gave the maximum positive effects on chickpea shoot and nodulation traits.

    Phosphorus uptake and growth promotion of chickpea by co-inoculation of mineral phosphate solubilising bacteria and a mixed rhizobial culture · 2004

    Same direction

105 papers more in this group

See all 114 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.