Abstract
The effects of nitrogen fertilization (range: 0–240 kg N/ha; end of April) and supplemental irrigation (3 applications; May–June) on growth, biomass and seed yield of Cynara cardunculus were investigated in a dry environment of central Greece (Velestino, 2008/2009) during the crop’s second growth cycle. The growth was thththnd rd monitored by destructive sampling on April 28, May 19, June 5, July 2and August 3(final harvest) and it was analyzed using sigmoid curves. Nitrogen input – yield relations were analyzed using a threequadrant diagram. Nitrogen fertilization and supplemental irrigation significantly (P<0.001) increased total dry biomass yield (24% increase), head weight (43% increase) and seed yield (50% increase). Cynara cardunculus final productivities in the nd 1 1 dry area of Velestino during the 2growth cycle ranged from 12.8 to 17.5 t ha(biomass) and from 1.4 to 2.8 t ha(seed) for dry and irrigated crops, respectively. Irrigation contributed most to this yield increase, because it prolonged 1 1 the growing period by two weeks and increased crop growth rates (rainfed: 170, irrigated: 246 kg had). Nitrogen effect was more evident at advanced growth stages, when head (and seed) growth created a strong sink for nitrogen. Cynara’s nitrogen use efficiency was estimated at 125 kg dm kg1 N. The studied soil provided to the crop 64 to 95 kg N ha1 (basic uptake), while the efficiency of fertilizer application was 28% and 49% for rainfed and irrigated conditions, respectively. These estimates can serve as reference in nitrogen restoration approaches.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization and supplemental irrigation increased total dry biomass yield by 24% in Cynara cardunculus.
- Taxon
- Cynara Cardunculus
Cynara cardunculust0 - Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilization and supplemental irrigatione1
- Outcome
- total dry biomass yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 24%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seed and Biomass Productivity of Cynara Cardunculus”
e1“Nitrogen fertilization and supplemental irrigation significantly (P<0.001) increased total dry biomass yield (24% increase), head weight (43% increase) and seed yield (50% increase)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization and supplemental irrigation increased head weight by 43% in Cynara cardunculus.
- Taxon
- Cynara CardunculusCynara cardunculust0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilization and supplemental irrigatione1
- Outcome
- head weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 43%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seed and Biomass Productivity of Cynara Cardunculus”
e1“Nitrogen fertilization and supplemental irrigation significantly (P<0.001) increased total dry biomass yield (24% increase), head weight (43% increase) and seed yield (50% increase)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization and supplemental irrigation increased seed yield by 50% in Cynara cardunculus.
- Taxon
- Cynara CardunculusCynara cardunculust0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilization and supplemental irrigatione1
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 50%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seed and Biomass Productivity of Cynara Cardunculus”
e1“Nitrogen fertilization and supplemental irrigation significantly (P<0.001) increased total dry biomass yield (24% increase), head weight (43% increase) and seed yield (50% increase)”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental irrigation increased crop growth rate of Cynara cardunculus relative to rainfed crops.
- Taxon
- Cynara CardunculusCynara cardunculust0
- Treatment
- supplemental irrigatione1
- Outcome
- crop growth ratese2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 246 kg hade2
- Comparator
- rainfede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seed and Biomass Productivity of Cynara Cardunculus”
e1“Nitrogen fertilization and supplemental irrigation significantly (P<0.001) increased total dry biomass yield (24% increase), head weight (43% increase) and seed yield (50% increase)”
e2“increased crop growth rates (rainfed: 170, irrigated: 246 kg had)”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental irrigation prolonged the growing period of Cynara cardunculus by two weeks.
- Taxon
- Cynara CardunculusCynara cardunculust0
- Treatment
- supplemental irrigatione1
- Outcome
- growing periode4
- Direction
- prolongede3
- Value
- two weekse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seed and Biomass Productivity of Cynara Cardunculus”
e1“Nitrogen fertilization and supplemental irrigation significantly (P<0.001) increased total dry biomass yield (24% increase), head weight (43% increase) and seed yield (50% increase)”
e3“it prolonged”
e4“the growing period by two weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
The nitrogen effect on Cynara cardunculus was more evident at advanced growth stages.
- Taxon
- Cynara CardunculusCynara cardunculust0
- Organ / stage
- advanced growth stagese5
- Outcome
- Nitrogen effecte5
- Direction
- more evidente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seed and Biomass Productivity of Cynara Cardunculus”
e5“Nitrogen effect was more evident at advanced growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen use efficiency of Cynara cardunculus was estimated at 125 kg dm.
- Taxon
- Cynara CardunculusCynara cardunculust0
- Outcome
- nitrogen use efficiencye6
- Value
- 125 kg dme6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seed and Biomass Productivity of Cynara Cardunculus”
e6“nitrogen use efficiency was estimated at 125 kg dm”
Claim · model-written summary
The studied soil supplied 64 to 95 kg N per hectare of basic uptake to Cynara cardunculus.
- Taxon
- Cynara CardunculusCynara cardunculust0
- Outcome
- The studied soil provided to the crope7
- Value
- 64 to 95 kg Ne7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seed and Biomass Productivity of Cynara Cardunculus”
e7“The studied soil provided to the crop 64 to 95 kg N”
Claim · model-written summary
Efficiency of fertilizer application under rainfed conditions was 28%.
- Taxon
- Cynara CardunculusCynara cardunculust0
- Outcome
- efficiency of fertilizer applicatione0
- Value
- 28%e0
- Qualifier
- rainfede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seed and Biomass Productivity of Cynara Cardunculus”
e0“the efficiency of fertilizer application was 28% and 49% for rainfed and irrigated conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Efficiency of fertilizer application under irrigated conditions was 49%.
- Taxon
- Cynara CardunculusCynara cardunculust0
- Outcome
- efficiency of fertilizer applicatione0
- Value
- 49%e0
- Qualifier
- irrigatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seed and Biomass Productivity of Cynara Cardunculus”
e0“the efficiency of fertilizer application was 28% and 49% for rainfed and irrigated conditions”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · yield · Cynara cardunculus (cardoon)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →fertilization · yield · Cynara cardunculus (cardoon)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →irrigation · growth · Cynara cardunculus (cardoon)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.