Abstract
Experiments were carried out in the southeastern United States between 1998 and 2006 to evaluate the potential for applications of NAA, Ethrel, or both, in the on-year of a biennial bearing cycle to increase return bloom in apple. Four bi-weekly applications of 5 ppm NAA beginning in mid June (summer NAA) increased return bloom, measured as the percentage of floral spurs in the year after treatment. The level of return bloom on trees receiving a summer NAA program was more than 2-fold higher than on untreated control trees, averaged across seven different experiments. Four applications of 5 ppm NAA at weekly intervals leading up to harvest (August/September) increased return bloom also. Combining 150 ppm Ethrel with summer NAA sprays resulted in an additive effect on return bloom compared to NAA or Ethrel alone. The effect of flower cluster density on return bloom the following year was more negative on control trees than it was on trees sprayed with Ethrel in the previous year. Treatment effects on fruit maturity at harvest were generally neutral, although flesh firmness was reduced in some experiments. NAA or Ethrel sprays in the on-year of a biennial bearing cycle may provide a strategy for achieving more consistent flowering and cropping in apple.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Four biweekly 5 ppm summer NAA applications increased apple return bloom.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- Four bi-weekly applications of 5 ppm NAA beginning in mid Junee0
- Outcome
- return bloome0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- percentage of floral spurs in the year after treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four bi-weekly applications of 5 ppm NAA beginning in mid June (summer NAA) increased return bloom, measured as the percentage of floral spurs in the year after treatment”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer NAA more than doubled return bloom compared with untreated apple trees across seven experiments.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- summer NAA programe0
- Outcome
- return bloome0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- more than 2-folde0
- Qualifier
- averaged across seven different experimentse0
- Comparator
- untreated control treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The level of return bloom on trees receiving a summer NAA program was more than 2-fold higher than on untreated control trees, averaged across seven different experiments”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Four weekly 5 ppm NAA applications before harvest increased apple return bloom.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Four applications of 5 ppm NAA at weekly intervals leading up to harvest (August/September)e0
- Outcome
- return bloome0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four applications of 5 ppm NAA at weekly intervals leading up to harvest (August/September) increased return bloom also”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 150 ppm Ethrel to summer NAA had an additive effect on apple return bloom relative to either alone.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Combining 150 ppm Ethrel with summer NAA sprayse0
- Outcome
- return bloome0
- Direction
- additive effecte0
- Comparator
- NAA or Ethrel alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combining 150 ppm Ethrel with summer NAA sprays resulted in an additive effect on return bloom compared to NAA or Ethrel alone”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethrel weakened the negative relationship between flower cluster density and return bloom relative to controls.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Ethrele0
- Outcome
- return bloom the following yeare0
- Direction
- more negativee0
- Qualifier
- flower cluster densitye0
- Comparator
- control treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of flower cluster density on return bloom the following year was more negative on control trees than it was on trees sprayed with Ethrel in the previous year”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray treatment effects on fruit maturity at harvest were generally neutral.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Treatmente0
- Outcome
- fruit maturity at harveste0
- Direction
- generally neutrale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment effects on fruit maturity at harvest were generally neutral”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray treatments reduced apple flesh firmness in some experiments.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- NAA or Ethrel sprayse1
- Outcome
- flesh firmnesse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in some experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“although flesh firmness was reduced in some experiments”
e1“NAA or Ethrel sprays in the on-year of a biennial bearing cycle”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest NAA or Ethrel sprays in the on-year to stabilize apple flowering and cropping.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- NAA or Ethrel sprayse0
- Outcome
- more consistent flowering and croppinge0
- Qualifier
- may provide a strategye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA or Ethrel sprays in the on-year of a biennial bearing cycle may provide a strategy for achieving more consistent flowering and cropping in apple”
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