Abstract
Abstract Three years field experiments were conducted from 1999 to 2002 to evaluate winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield, nitrogen efficiency (NE) including nitrogen efficiency ratio (NER), nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency (NfUE) as influenced by a new coated urea as CRF. Results showed that both coated urea and common urea treatments produced significant higher biomass, grain, and straw yields, and higher NUE and nitrogen fertilizer recovery rate over the control. The maximum yield and nitrogen (N) efficiency were observed in the treatment of coated urea in the three years. On average, the grain, straw, and biomass yield of coated urea treatment was 9.09–15.06, 13.11–14.96, and 11.73–14.99% higher than those of common urea respectively. The coated urea not only resulted in higher yield, but nitrogen fertilizer recovery rate (NfUE) of the treatment was 16.50–68.72% more than that of common urea treatment. Compared to normal dosage of N fertilization (150 kg N ha−1) insufficient amount increase of N fertilizer (8% increase) does not affect both yield and NE. However, sufficient amount increase of N fertilizer (20% higher) can result in significant increase of yield, N uptake and N fertilizer recovery rate (NfUE) under the experiment condition. Keywords: Winter wheatYieldCoated ureaNitrogen uptakeNitrogen efficiency Acknowledgments X.L. Fan thanks the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (30270769, 39870433), Foundation for University Key Teacher by the Ministry of Education (2000-65-34), and Foundation of Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province (C50406) for financial support.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Coated urea and common urea both produced significantly higher biomass, grain and straw yields than the control.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- coated urea and common urea treatmentse1
- Outcome
- biomass, grain, and straw yieldse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- field experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three years field experiments were conducted from 1999 to 2002 to evaluate winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield”
e1“Results showed that both coated urea and common urea treatments produced significant higher biomass, grain, and straw yields, and higher NUE and nitrogen fertilizer recovery rate over the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Coated urea and common urea both gave higher NUE and nitrogen fertilizer recovery rate than the control.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- coated urea and common urea treatmentse1
- Outcome
- NUE and nitrogen fertilizer recovery ratee1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- field experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three years field experiments were conducted from 1999 to 2002 to evaluate winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield”
e1“Results showed that both coated urea and common urea treatments produced significant higher biomass, grain, and straw yields, and higher NUE and nitrogen fertilizer recovery rate over the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum yield and nitrogen efficiency were observed with coated urea in the three years.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- coated ureae2
- Outcome
- yield and nitrogen (N) efficiencye2
- Direction
- maximume2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three years field experiments were conducted from 1999 to 2002 to evaluate winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield”
e2“The maximum yield and nitrogen (N) efficiency were observed in the treatment of coated urea in the three years”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield of coated urea treatment was 9.09–15.06% higher than that of common urea.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- coated urea treatmente3
- Outcome
- graine3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 9.09–15.06e3
- Comparator
- common ureae3
- Setting
- field experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three years field experiments were conducted from 1999 to 2002 to evaluate winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield”
e3“On average, the grain, straw, and biomass yield of coated urea treatment was 9.09–15.06, 13.11–14.96, and 11.73–14.99% higher than those of common urea respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw yield of coated urea treatment was 13.11–14.96% higher than that of common urea.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- coated urea treatmente3
- Outcome
- strawe3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 13.11–14.96e3
- Comparator
- common ureae3
- Setting
- field experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three years field experiments were conducted from 1999 to 2002 to evaluate winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield”
e3“On average, the grain, straw, and biomass yield of coated urea treatment was 9.09–15.06, 13.11–14.96, and 11.73–14.99% higher than those of common urea respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass yield of coated urea treatment was 11.73–14.99% higher than that of common urea.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- coated urea treatmente3
- Outcome
- biomasse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 11.73–14.99e3
- Comparator
- common ureae3
- Setting
- field experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three years field experiments were conducted from 1999 to 2002 to evaluate winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield”
e3“On average, the grain, straw, and biomass yield of coated urea treatment was 9.09–15.06, 13.11–14.96, and 11.73–14.99% higher than those of common urea respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer recovery rate (NfUE) of coated urea treatment was 16.50–68.72% more than that of common urea treatment.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- coated ureae4
- Outcome
- nitrogen fertilizer recovery rate (NfUE)e4
- Direction
- moree4
- Value
- 16.50–68.72%e4
- Comparator
- common urea treatmente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three years field experiments were conducted from 1999 to 2002 to evaluate winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield”
e4“The coated urea not only resulted in higher yield, but nitrogen fertilizer recovery rate (NfUE) of the treatment was 16.50–68.72% more than that of common urea treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
An insufficient N increase (8%) over the normal dosage does not affect yield or nitrogen efficiency.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- insufficient amount increase of N fertilizer (8% increase)e5
- Outcome
- yield and NEe5
- Direction
- does not affecte5
- Comparator
- normal dosage of N fertilization (150 kg N ha−1)e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three years field experiments were conducted from 1999 to 2002 to evaluate winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield”
e5“Compared to normal dosage of N fertilization (150 kg N ha−1) insufficient amount increase of N fertilizer (8% increase) does not affect both yield and NE”
Claim · model-written summary
A sufficient N increase (20% higher) gave a significant increase in yield, N uptake and NfUE under the experiment condition.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- sufficient amount increase of N fertilizer (20% higher)e6
- Outcome
- yield, N uptake and N fertilizer recovery rate (NfUE)e6
- Direction
- increasee6
- Comparator
- normal dosage of N fertilization (150 kg N ha−1)e5
- Setting
- experiment conditione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three years field experiments were conducted from 1999 to 2002 to evaluate winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield”
e5“Compared to normal dosage of N fertilization (150 kg N ha−1) insufficient amount increase of N fertilizer (8% increase) does not affect both yield and NE”
e6“However, sufficient amount increase of N fertilizer (20% higher) can result in significant increase of yield, N uptake and N fertilizer recovery rate (NfUE) under the experiment condition”
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