Abstract
Abstract Winter wheat was grown in 26 field trials in Norway during the period 2004–2006. The main aim was to determine the effect of various sulphur (S) fertilization strategies at two different nitrogen (N) levels on grain yield and quality of winter wheat. With the exception of four trials in central Norway, all the trials were located in the south-eastern part of the country. Increasing the N fertilization from 170 to 210 kg N ha−1 resulted in significantly higher grain protein content (GPC) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) sedimentation volume. On clayey soils in southeast Norway, increased N-fertilization also resulted in higher grain yield and lower test weight and thousand grain weight (tgw). Omitting S fertilization significantly reduced grain yields on sandy soils in southeast Norway and on loam and silt loam in central Norway, whereas no yield reduction was found on clay soils. SDS sedimentation volume and specific SDS (sSDS = SDS/GPC) were significantly reduced when S-fertilization was omitted. GPC was reduced by S fertilization in central Norway. Generally there were no significant responses at application rates higher than 12 kg S ha−1. The malate:sulphate method is a field-based diagnostic test used to determine whether S deficiency is likely to occur. The results did not indicate that this test is reliable under Norwegian conditions. On the other hand, the use of a chlorophyll meter measurements to assess S status gave promising results.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen from 170 to 210 kg N ha−1 significantly raised grain protein content.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- 210 kg N ha−1e0
- Outcome
- grain protein contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 170e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the N fertilization from 170 to 210 kg N ha−1 resulted in significantly higher grain protein content (GPC) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) sedimentation volume”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen from 170 to 210 kg N ha−1 significantly raised SDS sedimentation volume.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 210 kg N ha−1e0
- Outcome
- sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) sedimentation volumee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 170e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the N fertilization from 170 to 210 kg N ha−1 resulted in significantly higher grain protein content (GPC) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) sedimentation volume”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
More nitrogen increased grain yield on clayey soils in southeast Norway.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increased N-fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- clayey soils in southeast Norwaye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On clayey soils in southeast Norway, increased N-fertilization also resulted in higher grain yield and lower test weight and thousand grain weight (tgw)”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
More nitrogen lowered test weight on clayey soils in southeast Norway.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increased N-fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- test weighte0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Setting
- clayey soils in southeast Norwaye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On clayey soils in southeast Norway, increased N-fertilization also resulted in higher grain yield and lower test weight and thousand grain weight (tgw)”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
More nitrogen lowered thousand grain weight on clayey soils in southeast Norway.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increased N-fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- thousand grain weighte0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Setting
- clayey soils in southeast Norwaye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On clayey soils in southeast Norway, increased N-fertilization also resulted in higher grain yield and lower test weight and thousand grain weight (tgw)”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Omitting sulphur significantly reduced grain yield on sandy soils in southeast Norway.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Omitting S fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- sandy soils in southeast Norwaye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Omitting S fertilization significantly reduced grain yields on sandy soils in southeast Norway and on loam and silt loam in central Norway”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Omitting sulphur significantly reduced grain yield on loam and silt loam in central Norway.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Omitting S fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- loam and silt loam in central Norwaye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Omitting S fertilization significantly reduced grain yields on sandy soils in southeast Norway and on loam and silt loam in central Norway”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur omission did not reduce yield on clay soils.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sulphur applicationt0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no yield reductione0
- Setting
- clay soilse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no yield reduction was found on clay soils”
t0“Effects of sulphur application on grain yield and quality, and assessment of sulphur status in winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Omitting sulphur significantly reduced SDS sedimentation volume.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- S-fertilization was omittede0
- Outcome
- SDS sedimentation volumee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SDS sedimentation volume and specific SDS (sSDS = SDS/GPC) were significantly reduced when S-fertilization was omitted”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Omitting sulphur significantly reduced specific SDS.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- S-fertilization was omittede0
- Outcome
- specific SDSe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SDS sedimentation volume and specific SDS (sSDS = SDS/GPC) were significantly reduced when S-fertilization was omitted”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur fertilization reduced grain protein content in central Norway.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- S fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- GPCe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- central Norwaye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GPC was reduced by S fertilization in central Norway”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Rates above 12 kg S ha−1 generally produced no significant responses.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- application rates higher than 12 kg S ha−1e0
- Outcome
- responsese0
- Direction
- no significant responsese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Generally there were no significant responses at application rates higher than 12 kg S ha−1”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The malate:sulphate field diagnostic was unreliable under Norwegian conditions.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- reliablee0
- Qualifier
- Norwegian conditionse0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results did not indicate that this test is reliable under Norwegian conditions”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll meter measurements showed promise for assessing sulphur status.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- assess S statuse0
- Direction
- promising resultse0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of a chlorophyll meter measurements to assess S status gave promising results”
t0“winter wheat”
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