Abstract
Abstract Increases in the price of N fertilizers encourage farmers to utilize alternative sources of nutrients such as sewage sludges and animal manure when the wastes are available. However, a portion of the applied N may be lost by leaching and/or denitrification after organic N and NH + 4 ‐N in the waste is converted to NO ‐ 3 by ammonification and nitrification. One way to reduce leaching and denitrification losses is through the use of a nitrification inhibitor. Therefore, field experiments were conducted during three growing seasons to evaluate the effects on corn ( Zea mays L.) grain yield and plant composition of mixing nitrapyrin [2‐chloro‐6(trichlormethyl)pyridine], a nitrification inhibitor, with liquid swine ( Sus spp.) manure applied to a silty clay loam (fine‐silty, mixed, mesic, Typic Haplaquoll). Nitrapyrin was added to swine manure at rates of 0, 25, and 50 mg L −1 , and the swine manure was soil injected in bands during the fall or spring prior to corn planting. Corn grain yields, ear leaf N levels, and grain N concentrations were measured. In 1978, the addition of nitrapyrin (at a rate of 50 mg L −1 ) to liquid swine manure springapplied at a rate of 49 Mg ha −1 (154 kg available N ha −1 ) significantly increased grain yield, but not tissue N levels when compared to plots receiving only manure. Yields obtained from plots treated with manure (49 Mg ha −1 ) plus nitrapyrin were similar to those from plots receiving swine manure at a rate of 110 Mg ha −1 (345 kg available N ha −1 ) without nitrapyrin or from 134 or 180 kg urea N ha −1 . During the 1979 and 1980 growing seasons, the addition of 25 or 50 mg nitrapyrin L −1 of swine manure applied at rates of 31 to 60 and 38 to 60 Mg ha −1 , respectively, in the fall significantly increased yields as compared to plots receiving waste without the inhibitor. In 1979 and 1980, addition of nitrapyrin to swine manure applied in the spring at rates of 63 and 78 Mg ha −1 (161 and 286 kg available N ha −1 , respectively) had no effect upon corn yield. However, in 1980 the addition of 50 mg nitrapyrin L −1 to manure applied in the spring at a rate of 44 Mg ha −1 (159 kg available N ha −1 ) significantly increased yields as compared to plots receiving waste without the inhibitor. Large losses of applied N apparently occurred following fall applications of manure. Based upon yield results of manure treatments it is likely that nitrapyrin was effective in reducing losses of applied N and, thereby, increased corn yields by maintaining adequate levels of available N in the plant rooting zone throughout the growing season
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
In 1978, adding nitrapyrin to spring-applied swine manure significantly increased corn grain yield compared with manure alone.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse2 - Treatment
- addition of nitrapyrine3
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- In 1978e3
- Comparator
- plots receiving only manuree1
- Setting
- field experimentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“significantly increased grain yield, but not tissue N levels when compared to plots receiving only manure”
e2“to evaluate the effects on corn ( Zea mays L.) grain yield and plant composition”
e3“In 1978, the addition of nitrapyrin”
e4“field experiments were conducted during three growing seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1978, adding nitrapyrin to manure did not increase tissue N levels compared with manure alone.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- addition of nitrapyrine3
- Outcome
- tissue N levelse1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Qualifier
- In 1978e3
- Comparator
- plots receiving only manuree1
- Setting
- field experimentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“significantly increased grain yield, but not tissue N levels when compared to plots receiving only manure”
e2“to evaluate the effects on corn ( Zea mays L.) grain yield and plant composition”
e3“In 1978, the addition of nitrapyrin”
e4“field experiments were conducted during three growing seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure at 49 Mg per ha plus nitrapyrin gave yields similar to manure alone at 110 Mg per ha or to 134 or 180 kg urea N per ha.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- manure (49 Mg ha −1 ) plus nitrapyrine1
- Outcome
- Yieldse1
- Direction
- similare1
- Qualifier
- 134 or 180 kg urea Ne1
- Comparator
- plots receiving swine manuree1
- Setting
- field experimentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Yields obtained from plots treated with manure (49 Mg ha −1 ) plus nitrapyrin were similar to those from plots receiving swine manure at a rate of 110 Mg ha −1 (345 kg available N ha −1 ) without nitrapyrin or from 134 or 180 kg urea N ha −1”
e2“to evaluate the effects on corn ( Zea mays L.) grain yield and plant composition”
e3“field experiments were conducted during three growing seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1979 and 1980, adding nitrapyrin to spring-applied swine manure had no effect on corn yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse3
- Treatment
- addition of nitrapyrin to swine manure applied in the springe1
- Outcome
- corn yielde2
- Direction
- had no effecte2
- Qualifier
- In 1979 and 1980e1
- Setting
- field experimentse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In 1979 and 1980, addition of nitrapyrin to swine manure applied in the spring”
e2“had no effect upon corn yield”
e3“to evaluate the effects on corn ( Zea mays L.) grain yield and plant composition”
e4“field experiments were conducted during three growing seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1979 and 1980, adding 25 or 50 mg nitrapyrin per L to fall-applied manure significantly increased corn yields compared with manure without the inhibitor.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse3
- Treatment
- addition of 25 or 50 mg nitrapyrine2
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- significantly increasede1
- Qualifier
- in the falle1
- Comparator
- plots receiving waste without the inhibitore1
- Setting
- field experimentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in the fall significantly increased yields as compared to plots receiving waste without the inhibitor”
e2“the addition of 25 or 50 mg nitrapyrin”
e3“to evaluate the effects on corn ( Zea mays L.) grain yield and plant composition”
e4“field experiments were conducted during three growing seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Large losses of applied N apparently occurred after fall applications of manure.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse3
- Outcome
- losses of applied Ne1
- Qualifier
- following fall applications of manuree1
- Setting
- field experimentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Large losses of applied N apparently occurred following fall applications of manure”
e3“to evaluate the effects on corn ( Zea mays L.) grain yield and plant composition”
e4“field experiments were conducted during three growing seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrapyrin likely reduced N losses and thereby increased corn yields by keeping available N adequate in the rooting zone.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse3
- Treatment
- nitrapyrine1
- Outcome
- corn yieldse1
- Qualifier
- maintaining adequate levels of available N in the plant rooting zonee1
- Setting
- field experimentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“it is likely that nitrapyrin was effective in reducing losses of applied N and, thereby, increased corn yields by maintaining adequate levels of available N in the plant rooting zone throughout the growing season”
e3“to evaluate the effects on corn ( Zea mays L.) grain yield and plant composition”
e4“field experiments were conducted during three growing seasons”
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