Abstract
Apple and peach seedlings were grown for 8 weeks under various regimes: two photoperiods (16 and 8 hr), two air temperatures (12.8° and 18.3°C) and three root temperatures (12.8°, 18.3° and 23.9°C). After the leaves were removed the seedlings were chilled in the dark at 5.6° for three periods (apples 750, 1500 and 2500 hr; peaches 750, 1500 and 2000 hr) and then grown in a glasshouse for 7 weeks during which bud break and extension growth were measured. Growth of apple seedlings (cv. Granny Smith) stopped in an air temperature of 12.8¦ irrespective of photoperiod and root temperature. At 18.3° growth continued, but was retarded by short days and a root temperature of 12.8°. Peach seedlings (cv. Elberta) did not grow after any of the treatments. Extension growth and bud break in both species increased with increased hours of chilling. Pre-dormancy factors had no effect on bud break in apples, but low air temperature and short days prior to chilling increased bud break in peaches, although the effects decreased as chilling increased. Low pre-dormancy air temperature increased the growth of both species after chilling. Photoperiod produced opposite effects in the two species. Thus short days increased the growth of peaches while long days were effective with apples. Apples grew best at a root temperature of 12.8°, and peaches grew better at this temperature than at 18.3° but not as well as at 23.9°.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Apple seedling growth stopped at 12.8° air temperature irrespective of photoperiod and root temperature.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Material
- Granny Smithe0
- Treatment
- air temperature of 12.8¦e0
- Outcome
- Growthe0
- Direction
- stoppede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth of apple seedlings (cv. Granny Smith) stopped in an air temperature of 12.8¦ irrespective of photoperiod and root temperature.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 18.3°, apple growth continued but short days and 12.8° root temperature retarded it.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 18.3° growth continued, but was retarded by short days and a root temperature of 12.8°.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Peach seedlings did not grow after any pretreatment.
- Taxon
- Peach
Prunus persicae0 - Material
- Elbertae0
- Outcome
- did not growe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Peach seedlings (cv. Elberta) did not grow after any of the treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple extension growth and bud break increased with chilling hours.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- increased hours of chillinge0
- Outcome
- Extension growth and bud breake0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Extension growth and bud break in both species increased with increased hours of chilling.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Peach extension growth and bud break increased with chilling hours.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- increased hours of chillinge0
- Outcome
- Extension growth and bud breake0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Extension growth and bud break in both species increased with increased hours of chilling.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Predormancy factors did not affect apple bud break.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Pre-dormancy factorse0
- Outcome
- bud breake0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-dormancy factors had no effect on bud break in apples”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Low air temperature before chilling increased peach bud break, with a smaller effect after longer chilling.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- low air temperaturee0
- Outcome
- bud breake0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- effects decreased as chilling increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low air temperature and short days prior to chilling increased bud break in peaches, although the effects decreased as chilling increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Short days before chilling increased peach bud break, with a smaller effect after longer chilling.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- short dayse0
- Outcome
- bud breake0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- effects decreased as chilling increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low air temperature and short days prior to chilling increased bud break in peaches, although the effects decreased as chilling increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low predormancy air temperature increased apple growth after chilling.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Low pre-dormancy air temperaturee0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low pre-dormancy air temperature increased the growth of both species after chilling.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Low predormancy air temperature increased peach growth after chilling.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- Low pre-dormancy air temperaturee0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low pre-dormancy air temperature increased the growth of both species after chilling.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Short days increased peach growth.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- short dayse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thus short days increased the growth of peaches”
Claim · model-written summary
Long days favored apple growth.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- long dayse0
- Outcome
- long days were effectivee0
- Direction
- effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“long days were effective with apples”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple growth was best with root temperature 12.8°.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- root temperature of 12.8°e0
- Outcome
- grew beste0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apples grew best at a root temperature of 12.8°”
Claim · model-written summary
Peach growth at root temperature 12.8° exceeded growth at 18.3° but was below growth at 23.9°.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- this temperaturee0
- Outcome
- grew bettere0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- not as well as at 23.9°e0
- Comparator
- 18.3°e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peaches grew better at this temperature than at 18.3° but not as well as at 23.9°.”
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See all 32 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.