Abstract
Studies were conducted on sandy clay loam soil (Typic Haplustalf) to evaluate the effect of five different tillage practices versus four irrigation regimes, 60 mm irrigation at IW/CPE=0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2, and their interaction on soil physical changes and performance of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under rice fallow condition. Tillage in general had more positive effect on seedling emergence, growth and yield of sunflower than zero tillage in puddle rice fallows. Deep primary tillage with tractor-drawn disc plow or MB plow produced significantly larger heads with higher test weight, however, secondary tillage with rotavator, either power-tiller- or tractor-drawn, made finer tilth and recorded significantly higher seedling emergence (80.7%). Tillage with tractor-drawn disc plow + rotavator (deep-fine tillage) gave significantly higher mean seed yield (1311 kg ha-1) over tractor-drawn MB plow + tractor-drawn cultivator - deep tillage (1172 kg ha-1), ox-drawn desi plow + power-tiller-operated rotavator - shallow fine tillage (1054 kg ha-1) and ox-drawn desi plow + ox-drawn cultivator - shallow tillage (931 kg ha-1). The irrigation regime at IW/ CPE=1.2 recorded higher seed yield than IW/CPE=0.6, 0.8 and 1.0. Water use (ETa) by sunflower increased with increase in intensity of tillage and irrigation. WUE was higher in deep tillage practices and in irrigation regime of IW/ CPE=0.8. Deep tillage, besides saving 18% of irrigation water, resulted in about 24% higher sunflower seed yield compared with shallow tillage. Interaction effects revealed that significantly higher sunflower growth and yields (both seed and oil) was realized when tillage was done with tractor-drawn disc plow + rotovator coupled with scheduling irrigations at IW/CPE=1.0 or 1.2. Tillage with two passages of country plow + once with power-tiller-operated rotavator and scheduling irrigation at IW/CPE=1.2 produced significantly superior yields of sunflower than farmers' practice.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage improved sunflower emergence, growth and yield relative to zero tillage.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- Tillagee0
- Outcome
- seedling emergence, growth and yielde0
- Direction
- more positivee0
- Comparator
- zero tillagee0
- Setting
- puddle rice fallowse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage in general had more positive effect on seedling emergence, growth and yield of sunflower than zero tillage in puddle rice fallows.”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep primary tillage produced significantly larger sunflower heads and higher test weight.
- Treatment
- Deep primary tillage with tractor-drawn disc plow or MB plowe0
- Outcome
- heads with higher test weighte0
- Direction
- largere0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Deep primary tillage with tractor-drawn disc plow or MB plow produced significantly larger heads with higher test weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotavator secondary tillage produced significantly higher sunflower emergence of 80.7%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“secondary tillage with rotavator, either power-tiller- or tractor-drawn, made finer tilth and recorded significantly higher seedling emergence (80.7%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Disc plow plus rotavator tillage produced 1311 kg ha-1 mean sunflower seed yield, significantly above three alternative tillage regimes.
- Treatment
- tractor-drawn disc plow + rotavatore0
- Outcome
- mean seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1311 kg ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- 1172 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- tractor-drawn MB plow + tractor-drawn cultivator - deep tillagee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Tillage with tractor-drawn disc plow + rotavator (deep-fine tillage) gave significantly higher mean seed yield (1311 kg ha-1) over tractor-drawn MB plow + tractor-drawn cultivator - deep tillage (1172 kg ha-1), ox-drawn desi plow + power-tiller-operated rotavator - shallow fine tillage (1054 kg ha-1) and ox-drawn desi plow + ox-drawn cultivator - shallow tillage (931 kg ha-1).”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at IW/CPE 1.2 yielded more seed than the 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 regimes.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The irrigation regime at IW/ CPE=1.2 recorded higher seed yield than IW/CPE=0.6, 0.8 and 1.0.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower water use increased as tillage and irrigation intensity increased.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- tillage and irrigatione0
- Outcome
- Water use (ETa)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water use (ETa) by sunflower increased with increase in intensity of tillage and irrigation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency was higher with deep tillage.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“WUE was higher in deep tillage practices and in irrigation regime of IW/ CPE=0.8.”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency was higher under irrigation at IW/CPE 0.8.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“WUE was higher in deep tillage practices and in irrigation regime of IW/ CPE=0.8.”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep tillage saved 18% of irrigation water compared with shallow tillage.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Deep tillagee0
- Outcome
- irrigation watere0
- Direction
- savinge0
- Value
- 18%e0
- Comparator
- shallow tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deep tillage, besides saving 18% of irrigation water, resulted in about 24% higher sunflower seed yield compared with shallow tillage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep tillage raised sunflower seed yield about 24% compared with shallow tillage.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Deep tillagee0
- Outcome
- sunflower seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 24%e0
- Comparator
- shallow tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deep tillage, besides saving 18% of irrigation water, resulted in about 24% higher sunflower seed yield compared with shallow tillage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Disc plow plus rotovator with irrigation at IW/CPE 1.0 or 1.2 significantly increased sunflower growth, seed yield and oil yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- tractor-drawn disc plow + rotovator coupled with scheduling irrigations at IW/CPE=1.0 or 1.2e0
- Outcome
- sunflower growth and yields (both seed and oil)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly higher sunflower growth and yields (both seed and oil) was realized when tillage was done with tractor-drawn disc plow + rotovator coupled with scheduling irrigations at IW/CPE=1.0 or 1.2.”
Claim · model-written summary
Country plow and rotavator with irrigation at IW/CPE 1.2 produced significantly superior sunflower yields to farmers’ practice.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- two passages of country plow + once with power-tiller-operated rotavator and scheduling irrigation at IW/CPE=1.2e0
- Outcome
- yields of sunflowere0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- farmers' practicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage with two passages of country plow + once with power-tiller-operated rotavator and scheduling irrigation at IW/CPE=1.2 produced significantly superior yields of sunflower than farmers' practice.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.