Abstract
선행연구를 통해 18종의 호박 품종에 대한 엽위별 paraquat에 대한 내성 반응을 조사한 결과, 1엽<2엽<3엽<4엽 순이었다. 이들 품종 중에서 엽령간 뚜렷한 내성차이가 있는 중앙애호박의 경우 4엽은 1엽에 비해 paraquat에 대해 3배 이상의 높은 내성을 보였다. 또한 이들 4엽의 물 추출물과 paraquat를 혼용하여 옥수수 경엽에 처리시 paraquat 약해를 경감시켰다. 따라서 본 연구는 paraquat 약해를 경감시키는 물질이 어린 호박잎에 존재하는지를 알아보기 위하여 수행하였다. MeOH 추출물보다 물 추출물에서 paraquat 활성경감이 더 높아서 물 추출물을 실리카겔과 Sephadex LH-20 칼럼크로마토그래피와 TLC, HPLC를 이용하여 paraquat 활성 경감 효과를 보이는 순수물질을 얻어 NMR을 통해 분석한 결과 malic acid로 추정되었다. 따라서 malic acid가 paraquat 활성경감 물질여부를 확인하기 위하여 malic acid와 paraquat를 옥수수에 동시 처리하였다. 처리 후 1일째 $100{\mu}M$ paraquat를 단독으로 처리한 경우 옥수수 잎 피해가 62% 발생하였으나 $100{\mu}M$ paraquat에 malic acid를 각각 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 및 1% 혼용처리한 경우 잎 피해가 전혀 발생하지 않았다. The fourth leaves (younger leaves) amongst extended 4-upper leaves in 18 squash cultivar were the highest tolerance to the paraquat application, followed by third, the second, and the first leaves (older leaves). The forth leaves in Joongangaehobak showed more than three times higher tolerance to the paraquat application than did the first leaves. When the combining of water extract from the fourth leaves with paraquat were applied to the leaves and stems of maize, the paraquat phytotoxicity in maize was reduced compared to the paraquat application alone. Therefore, this study continued to investigate if the phytotoxicity inhibitor exist in the fourth leaves. The water extract in the fourth leaves were isolated by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, TLC, and HPLC, and the substance in the extract was speculated as a malic acid by identifying through NMR. The mixture malic acid and paraquat were applied to the maize to verify the application effect of malic acid on paraquat toxicity. The 100 ${\mu}M$ of paraquat application alone showed 62% of paraquat toxicity to the corn leaves, while the combined application of 100 ${\mu}M$ paraquat with malic acid at 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0% did not show the symptom.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Fourth squash leaves had the greatest paraquat tolerance, followed by third, second and first leaves.
Verbatim
e0“The fourth leaves (younger leaves) amongst extended 4-upper leaves in 18 squash cultivar were the highest tolerance to the paraquat application, followed by third, the second, and the first leaves (older leaves).”
t0“Squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Poiret)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fourth Joongangaehobak leaves had more than triple the paraquat tolerance of first leaves.
Verbatim
e0“The forth leaves in Joongangaehobak showed more than three times higher tolerance to the paraquat application than did the first leaves.”
t0“Squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Poiret)”
Claim · model-written summary
Squash fourth-leaf water extract reduced paraquat phytotoxicity in maize compared with paraquat alone.
- Organ / stage
- leaves and stemse0
- Treatment
- water extract from the fourth leaves with paraquate0
- Outcome
- paraquat phytotoxicity in maizee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- paraquat application alonee0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the combining of water extract from the fourth leaves with paraquat were applied to the leaves and stems of maize, the paraquat phytotoxicity in maize was reduced compared to the paraquat application alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
The water extract inhibitor was tentatively identified as malic acid.
Verbatim
e0“the substance in the extract was speculated as a malic acid by identifying through NMR.”
t0“Squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Poiret)”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat alone produced 62% corn leaf toxicity.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- 100 ${\mu}M$ of paraquat application alonee0
- Outcome
- paraquat toxicity to the corn leavese0
- Value
- 62%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 100 ${\mu}M$ of paraquat application alone showed 62% of paraquat toxicity to the corn leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining paraquat with 0.1% malic acid produced no corn leaf symptoms.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- malic acid at 0.1e0
- Outcome
- symptome0
- Direction
- did not showe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined application of 100 ${\mu}M$ paraquat with malic acid at 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0% did not show the symptom.”
e1“62% of paraquat toxicity to the corn leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining paraquat with 0.3% malic acid produced no corn leaf symptoms.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- 0.3e0
- Outcome
- symptome0
- Direction
- did not showe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined application of 100 ${\mu}M$ paraquat with malic acid at 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0% did not show the symptom.”
e1“62% of paraquat toxicity to the corn leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining paraquat with 0.5% malic acid produced no corn leaf symptoms.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- 0.5e0
- Outcome
- symptome0
- Direction
- did not showe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined application of 100 ${\mu}M$ paraquat with malic acid at 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0% did not show the symptom.”
e1“62% of paraquat toxicity to the corn leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining paraquat with 1.0% malic acid produced no corn leaf symptoms.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- 1.0%e0
- Outcome
- symptome0
- Direction
- did not showe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined application of 100 ${\mu}M$ paraquat with malic acid at 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0% did not show the symptom.”
e1“62% of paraquat toxicity to the corn leaves”
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See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.