Abstract
Sunflower is a potent allelopathic plant which possesses important allelochemicals with known allelopathic activity on other plants. In this study, allelopathic effects of fresh aqueous extracts (FAE) and air dried aqueous extracts (DAE) of root, shoot and leaves of sunflower (Halianthus annuus L.) were investigated on germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) in seed bioassay experiments carried out at Botany Department of Peshawar University during 2010. Results showed significantly inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts on seed germination, growth and dry biomass of seedlings of wheat and maize. In wheat seedlings, significant germination inhibition (15.21%), increased mean germination time (MGT) (57.76%), reduced plumule and radical growth (21.66 and 28.44%) and lowered seedlings dry biomass (31.05%) were recorded under dry aqueous extracts of leaf when compared to control. Germination percentage of maize was inhibited by dry aqueous extracts of leaf by 7.81%, germination index by 16.51%, increased MGT by 25.53%, decreased plumule and radical lengths by 29.00 and 36.12% respectively, and lowered maize seedling dry biomass by 34.02 %. In both experiments, dry aqueous extracts (DAE) were more phytotoxic than fresh aqueous extracts (FAE). Similarly, inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts of different parts of sunflower were recorded in the order leaf > shoot > root for both tested plants.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Dry aqueous extracts of sunflower leaf inhibited wheat germination by 15.21% relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- dry aqueous extracts of leafe1
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Value
- 15.21%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In wheat seedlings, significant germination inhibition (15.21%), increased mean germination time (MGT) (57.76%), reduced plumule and radical growth (21.66 and 28.44%) and lowered seedlings dry biomass (31.05%) were recorded under dry aqueous extracts of leaf when compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry aqueous extracts of sunflower leaf increased the mean germination time of wheat by 57.76% relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- dry aqueous extracts of leafe1
- Outcome
- mean germination time (MGT)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 57.76%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In wheat seedlings, significant germination inhibition (15.21%), increased mean germination time (MGT) (57.76%), reduced plumule and radical growth (21.66 and 28.44%) and lowered seedlings dry biomass (31.05%) were recorded under dry aqueous extracts of leaf when compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry aqueous extracts of sunflower leaf reduced wheat plumule growth by 21.66% relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- dry aqueous extracts of leafe1
- Outcome
- plumulee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 21.66e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In wheat seedlings, significant germination inhibition (15.21%), increased mean germination time (MGT) (57.76%), reduced plumule and radical growth (21.66 and 28.44%) and lowered seedlings dry biomass (31.05%) were recorded under dry aqueous extracts of leaf when compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry aqueous extracts of sunflower leaf reduced wheat radical growth by 28.44% relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- dry aqueous extracts of leafe1
- Outcome
- radical growthe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 28.44%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In wheat seedlings, significant germination inhibition (15.21%), increased mean germination time (MGT) (57.76%), reduced plumule and radical growth (21.66 and 28.44%) and lowered seedlings dry biomass (31.05%) were recorded under dry aqueous extracts of leaf when compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry aqueous extracts of sunflower leaf lowered wheat seedling dry biomass by 31.05% relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- dry aqueous extracts of leafe1
- Outcome
- seedlings dry biomasse1
- Direction
- lowerede1
- Value
- 31.05%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In wheat seedlings, significant germination inhibition (15.21%), increased mean germination time (MGT) (57.76%), reduced plumule and radical growth (21.66 and 28.44%) and lowered seedlings dry biomass (31.05%) were recorded under dry aqueous extracts of leaf when compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry aqueous extracts of sunflower leaf inhibited maize germination percentage by 7.81%.
- Treatment
- dry aqueous extracts of leafe1
- Outcome
- Germination percentagee1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Value
- 7.81%e1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Germination percentage of maize was inhibited by dry aqueous extracts of leaf by 7.81%, germination index by 16.51%, increased MGT by 25.53%, decreased plumule and radical lengths by 29.00 and 36.12% respectively, and lowered maize seedling dry biomass by 34.02 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry aqueous extracts of sunflower leaf inhibited maize germination index by 16.51%.
- Treatment
- dry aqueous extracts of leafe1
- Outcome
- germination indexe1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Value
- 16.51%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Germination percentage of maize was inhibited by dry aqueous extracts of leaf by 7.81%, germination index by 16.51%, increased MGT by 25.53%, decreased plumule and radical lengths by 29.00 and 36.12% respectively, and lowered maize seedling dry biomass by 34.02 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry aqueous extracts of sunflower leaf increased maize mean germination time by 25.53%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Germination percentage of maize was inhibited by dry aqueous extracts of leaf by 7.81%, germination index by 16.51%, increased MGT by 25.53%, decreased plumule and radical lengths by 29.00 and 36.12% respectively, and lowered maize seedling dry biomass by 34.02 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry aqueous extracts of sunflower leaf decreased maize plumule length by 29.00%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Germination percentage of maize was inhibited by dry aqueous extracts of leaf by 7.81%, germination index by 16.51%, increased MGT by 25.53%, decreased plumule and radical lengths by 29.00 and 36.12% respectively, and lowered maize seedling dry biomass by 34.02 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry aqueous extracts of sunflower leaf decreased maize radical length by 36.12%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Germination percentage of maize was inhibited by dry aqueous extracts of leaf by 7.81%, germination index by 16.51%, increased MGT by 25.53%, decreased plumule and radical lengths by 29.00 and 36.12% respectively, and lowered maize seedling dry biomass by 34.02 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry aqueous extracts of sunflower leaf lowered maize seedling dry biomass by 34.02%.
- Treatment
- dry aqueous extracts of leafe1
- Outcome
- maize seedling dry biomasse1
- Direction
- lowerede1
- Value
- 34.02 %e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Germination percentage of maize was inhibited by dry aqueous extracts of leaf by 7.81%, germination index by 16.51%, increased MGT by 25.53%, decreased plumule and radical lengths by 29.00 and 36.12% respectively, and lowered maize seedling dry biomass by 34.02 %”
Claim · model-written summary
In wheat, dry aqueous extracts of sunflower were more phytotoxic than fresh aqueous extracts.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- dry aqueous extracts (DAE)e1
- Outcome
- phytotoxice1
- Direction
- moree1
- Comparator
- fresh aqueous extracts (FAE)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In both experiments, dry aqueous extracts (DAE) were more phytotoxic than fresh aqueous extracts (FAE)”
e2“In wheat seedlings, significant germination inhibition (15.21%), increased mean germination time (MGT) (57.76%), reduced plumule and radical growth (21.66 and 28.44%) and lowered seedlings dry biomass (31.05%) were recorded under dry aqueous extracts of leaf when compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
In maize, dry aqueous extracts of sunflower were more phytotoxic than fresh aqueous extracts.
- Treatment
- dry aqueous extracts (DAE)e1
- Outcome
- phytotoxice1
- Direction
- moree1
- Comparator
- fresh aqueous extracts (FAE)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In both experiments, dry aqueous extracts (DAE) were more phytotoxic than fresh aqueous extracts (FAE)”
e2“Germination percentage of maize was inhibited by dry aqueous extracts of leaf by 7.81%, germination index by 16.51%, increased MGT by 25.53%, decreased plumule and radical lengths by 29.00 and 36.12% respectively, and lowered maize seedling dry biomass by 34.02 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibitory effects of sunflower aqueous extracts on wheat followed the order leaf > shoot > root.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- different parts of sunflowere1
- Outcome
- inhibitory effects of aqueous extractse1
- Direction
- leaf > shoot > roote1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts of different parts of sunflower were recorded in the order leaf > shoot > root for both tested plants”
e2“In wheat seedlings, significant germination inhibition (15.21%), increased mean germination time (MGT) (57.76%), reduced plumule and radical growth (21.66 and 28.44%) and lowered seedlings dry biomass (31.05%) were recorded under dry aqueous extracts of leaf when compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibitory effects of sunflower aqueous extracts on maize followed the order leaf > shoot > root.
- Treatment
- different parts of sunflowere1
- Outcome
- inhibitory effects of aqueous extractse1
- Direction
- leaf > shoot > roote1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts of different parts of sunflower were recorded in the order leaf > shoot > root for both tested plants”
e2“Germination percentage of maize was inhibited by dry aqueous extracts of leaf by 7.81%, germination index by 16.51%, increased MGT by 25.53%, decreased plumule and radical lengths by 29.00 and 36.12% respectively, and lowered maize seedling dry biomass by 34.02 %”
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See all 435 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.