Abstract
ABSTRACT Pre-harvest foliar applications to increase fruit calcium (Ca) content and reduce bitter pit incidence, is a standard practice world wide. We re-evaluated the effectiveness of early season applications versus late applications of calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) to reduce bitter pit in ‘Golden Delicious,’ under the present environmental conditions of the Western Cape, South Africa. Two periods of efficient uptake of external Ca were identified, viz., during cell division and the last few weeks before harvest. Foliar Ca applications during mid season (from 40 d after full bloom) were more effective in increasing fruit Ca content and reducing bitter pit incidence, than later applications. Thus, it is important to apply the bulk of the Ca(NO3)2 during the first few weeks after cell division to maximize the Ca content of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-season foliar Ca applications increased fruit Ca content compared with later applications.
- Taxon
- Apples
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- Golden Delicioust0
- Treatment
- Foliar Ca applications during mid season (from 40 d after full bloom)e1
- Outcome
- fruit Ca contente1
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Comparator
- later applicationse1
- Setting
- Western Cape, South Africae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Golden Delicious’ Apples”
e1“Foliar Ca applications during mid season (from 40 d after full bloom) were more effective in increasing fruit Ca content and reducing bitter pit incidence, than later applications”
e4“under the present environmental conditions of the Western Cape, South Africa”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-season foliar Ca applications reduced bitter pit incidence compared with later applications.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Golden Delicioust0
- Treatment
- Foliar Ca applications during mid season (from 40 d after full bloom)e1
- Outcome
- bitter pit incidencee1
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Comparator
- later applicationse1
- Setting
- Western Cape, South Africae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Golden Delicious’ Apples”
e1“Foliar Ca applications during mid season (from 40 d after full bloom) were more effective in increasing fruit Ca content and reducing bitter pit incidence, than later applications”
e4“under the present environmental conditions of the Western Cape, South Africa”
Claim · model-written summary
Two periods of efficient external Ca uptake were identified: during cell division and the last weeks before harvest.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- efficient uptake of external Cae2
- Qualifier
- during cell division and the last few weeks before harveste2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Golden Delicious’ Apples”
e2“Two periods of efficient uptake of external Ca were identified, viz., during cell division and the last few weeks before harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend applying the bulk of Ca(NO3)2 in the first weeks after cell division to maximize apple Ca content.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae3
- Treatment
- Ca(NO3)2e3
- Outcome
- apply the bulk of the Ca(NO3)2 during the first few weeks after cell divisione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Golden Delicious’ Apples”
e3“it is important to apply the bulk of the Ca(NO3)2 during the first few weeks after cell division to maximize the Ca content of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples”
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