Abstract
In a phytotron experiment, wheat was grown under two levels of atmospheric CO2 [ambient (385 ppm) vs. elevated (650 ppm)], two levels of temperature (ambient vs. ambient +3°C) superimposed with three levels of phosphorus (P) fertilization: 0, 100, and 200% of recommended dose. Various measures of P acquisition and utilization efficiency were estimated at crop maturity. In general, dry matter yields of all plant parts increased under elevated CO2 (EC) and decreased under elevated temperature (ET); however, under concurrently elevated CO2 and temperature (ECT), root (+36%) and leaf (+14.7%) dry weight increased while stem (-12.3%) and grain yield (-17.3%) decreased, leading to a non-significant effect on total biomass yield. Similarly, total P uptake increased under EC and decreased under ET, with an overall increase of 17.4% under ECT, signifying higher P requirements by plants grown thereunder. Although recovery efficiency of applied P fertilizer increased by 27%, any possible benefit of this increase was negated by the reduced physiological P efficiency (PPE) and P utilization efficiency (PUtE) under ECT. Overall, there was ~17% decline in P use efficiency (PUE) (i.e. grain yield/applied P) of wheat under ECT.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased dry matter yields of all plant parts.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- dry matter yields of all plant partse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry matter yields of all plant parts increased under elevated CO2 (EC)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature decreased dry matter yields of all plant parts.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- elevated temperaturee0
- Outcome
- dry matter yields of all plant partse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry matter yields of all plant parts increased under elevated CO2 (EC) and decreased under elevated temperature (ET)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and temperature increased root dry weight by 36%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- concurrently elevated CO2 and temperaturee0
- Outcome
- roote0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- +36%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under concurrently elevated CO2 and temperature (ECT), root (+36%) and leaf (+14.7%) dry weight increased”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and temperature increased leaf dry weight by 14.7%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- concurrently elevated CO2 and temperaturee0
- Outcome
- leafe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- +14.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under concurrently elevated CO2 and temperature (ECT), root (+36%) and leaf (+14.7%) dry weight increased”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and temperature decreased stem dry weight by 12.3%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- concurrently elevated CO2 and temperaturee1
- Outcome
- steme0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- -12.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stem (-12.3%) and grain yield (-17.3%) decreased”
e1“concurrently elevated CO2 and temperature (ECT)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and temperature decreased grain yield by 17.3%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- concurrently elevated CO2 and temperaturee1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- -17.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield (-17.3%) decreased”
e1“concurrently elevated CO2 and temperature (ECT)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and temperature had a nonsignificant effect on total biomass yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- concurrently elevated CO2 and temperaturee1
- Outcome
- total biomass yielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a non-significant effect on total biomass yield”
e1“concurrently elevated CO2 and temperature (ECT)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased total P uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e1
- Outcome
- total P uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total P uptake increased under EC”
e1“elevated CO2 (EC)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature decreased total P uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- elevated temperaturee1
- Outcome
- total P uptakee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total P uptake increased under EC and decreased under ET”
e1“elevated temperature (ET)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and temperature increased total P uptake by 17.4%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- concurrently elevated CO2 and temperaturee1
- Outcome
- total P uptakee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 17.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total P uptake increased under EC and decreased under ET, with an overall increase of 17.4% under ECT”
e1“concurrently elevated CO2 and temperature (ECT)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and temperature increased recovery efficiency of applied P fertilizer by 27%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- concurrently elevated CO2 and temperaturee2
- Outcome
- recovery efficiency of applied P fertilizere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“recovery efficiency of applied P fertilizer increased by 27%”
e1“efficiency (PUtE) under ECT”
e2“concurrently elevated CO2 and temperature (ECT)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and temperature reduced physiological P efficiency and P utilization efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- concurrently elevated CO2 and temperaturee1
- Outcome
- physiological P efficiency (PPE) and P utilization efficiency (PUtE)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced physiological P efficiency (PPE) and P utilization efficiency (PUtE) under ECT”
e1“concurrently elevated CO2 and temperature (ECT)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and temperature lowered wheat P use efficiency by about 17%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- concurrently elevated CO2 and temperaturee1
- Outcome
- P use efficiency (PUE)e0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Value
- ~17%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“~17% decline in P use efficiency (PUE) (i.e. grain yield/applied P) of wheat under ECT”
e1“concurrently elevated CO2 and temperature (ECT)”
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