Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of the most widely occurring nutrients for development and growth of wheat. In this study, the effects of P application amount on grain yield, protein content, and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) were studied by agronomic management of P fertilizer on spring weak-gluten wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under field conditions for 2 yr. The experiments were performed at five levels of P2O5 application amount, including 0, 72, 108, 144, and 180 kg ha−1. As a result, with increase in P fertilizer, grain yield, and P agricultural efficiency (AEP) increased in a quadratic equitation, but partial factor productivity of P (PFPP) decreased in a logarithmic eq. When 108 kg ha−1 P2O5 was applied, the grain yield reached the highest level, but the protein content in gain was lower than 11.5%, a threshold for the protein content to evaluate weak-gluten wheat suitable for production of cake and biscuit. Yangmai 13 and Ningmai 9 could tolerate to higher P level of soils than Yangmai 9 that had more loss in grain yield when P fertilizer was over-applied. AEP had a concomitant relationship with grain yield and was a better descriptor for P use efficiency in the wheat. A high P use efficiency resulted in leaf area index (LAI), increased chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate, and stable acid phophatase (APase) activity to accumulate more dry matter after anthesis, which explained that the optimum P fertilizer increased grain yield and improved grain quality of weak-gluten wheat.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing P fertilizer increased wheat grain yield in a quadratic relationship.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- increase in P fertilizere0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- in a quadratic equitatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with increase in P fertilizer, grain yield, and P agricultural efficiency (AEP) increased in a quadratic equitation”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing P fertilizer increased wheat P agricultural efficiency in a quadratic relationship.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increase in P fertilizere0
- Outcome
- P agricultural efficiency (AEP)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- in a quadratic equitatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with increase in P fertilizer, grain yield, and P agricultural efficiency (AEP) increased in a quadratic equitation”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing P fertilizer decreased wheat partial factor productivity of P logarithmically.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increase in P fertilizere0
- Outcome
- partial factor productivity of P (PFPP)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- in a logarithmic eq.e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with increase in P fertilizer, grain yield, and P agricultural efficiency (AEP) increased in a quadratic equitation, but partial factor productivity of P (PFPP) decreased in a logarithmic eq.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grain yield was highest at 108 kg ha−1 P2O5.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 108 kg ha−1 P2O5e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When 108 kg ha−1 P2O5 was applied, the grain yield reached the highest level”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At 108 kg ha−1 P2O5, wheat grain protein was below the 11.5% threshold for cake and biscuit production.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 108 kg ha−1 P2O5e0
- Outcome
- protein content in gaine0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 11.5%e0
- Comparator
- thresholde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When 108 kg ha−1 P2O5 was applied, the grain yield reached the highest level, but the protein content in gain was lower than 11.5%, a threshold for the protein content to evaluate weak-gluten wheat suitable for production of cake and biscuit.”
Claim · model-written summary
Yangmai 13 tolerated higher soil P than Yangmai 9, which lost more grain yield under excess P.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Yangmai 13e0
- Outcome
- tolerate to higher P level of soilse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- when P fertilizer was over-appliede0
- Comparator
- Yangmai 9e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yangmai 13 and Ningmai 9 could tolerate to higher P level of soils than Yangmai 9 that had more loss in grain yield when P fertilizer was over-applied.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ningmai 9 tolerated higher soil P than Yangmai 9, which lost more grain yield under excess P.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Ningmai 9e0
- Outcome
- tolerate to higher P level of soilse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- when P fertilizer was over-appliede0
- Comparator
- Yangmai 9e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yangmai 13 and Ningmai 9 could tolerate to higher P level of soils than Yangmai 9 that had more loss in grain yield when P fertilizer was over-applied.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat AEP had a concomitant relationship with grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- AEPe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AEP had a concomitant relationship with grain yield and was a better descriptor for P use efficiency in the wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
AEP was judged a better descriptor of wheat P use efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- AEPe0
- Outcome
- P use efficiencye0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AEP had a concomitant relationship with grain yield and was a better descriptor for P use efficiency in the wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
High P use efficiency was interpreted to result in wheat leaf area index.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- leaf area index (LAI)e0
- Qualifier
- A high P use efficiencye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A high P use efficiency resulted in leaf area index (LAI), increased chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate, and stable acid phophatase (APase) activity to accumulate more dry matter after anthesis”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High P use efficiency was interpreted to increase wheat chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content and photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- A high P use efficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A high P use efficiency resulted in leaf area index (LAI), increased chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate, and stable acid phophatase (APase) activity to accumulate more dry matter after anthesis”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High P use efficiency was interpreted to maintain stable wheat acid phosphatase activity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- acid phophatase (APase) activitye0
- Direction
- stablee0
- Qualifier
- A high P use efficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A high P use efficiency resulted in leaf area index (LAI), increased chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate, and stable acid phophatase (APase) activity to accumulate more dry matter after anthesis”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret physiological effects of high P use efficiency as enabling more wheat dry matter accumulation after anthesis.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- A high P use efficiencye0
- Outcome
- dry mattere0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- after anthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A high P use efficiency resulted in leaf area index (LAI), increased chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate, and stable acid phophatase (APase) activity to accumulate more dry matter after anthesis”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum P fertilizer increased wheat grain yield and improved grain quality.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- optimum P fertilizere0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the optimum P fertilizer increased grain yield and improved grain quality of weak-gluten wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum P fertilizer improved weak-gluten wheat grain quality.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- optimum P fertilizere0
- Outcome
- grain qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the optimum P fertilizer increased grain yield and improved grain quality of weak-gluten wheat.”
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