Abstract
Photoacoustic spectroscopy was used to monitor acid damage to photosynthesis by measuring photosynthetic O 2 evolution in leaves from com and sugar maple plantlets. For 2 months the seedlings were treated with simulated acid rain either by spraying the leaves or by watering the soil at different pH levels. The results indicated a decline of photosynthetic oxygen evolution as the pH of the foliar application of simulated acid rain decreased. The reduced photosynthetic activity was sometimes followed by depigmentation (below pH 3.5). For plantlets treated by watering the soil with an acid mixture, the results showed an increase in the growth rate at higher acidity levels without effect on the photosynthetic activity. All corn seedlings from seeds that germinated in media of different pH levels showed the same photosynthetic activity regardless of the pH, as measured by photoacoustic spectroscopy, but the growth rate was higher at lower pH values than at higher pH values. These results clearly indicate the importance of acid damage to photosynthesis at the foliar level, and the ability of photoacoustic spectroscopy to assess forest decline in its early stages. Key words: photoacoustic spectroscopy, photosynthesis, corn, maple, acid rain, oxygen evolution.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic oxygen evolution declined as the pH of foliar simulated acid rain decreased.
- Taxon
- corn and sugar maple
Acer saccharum
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- foliar application of simulated acid raine1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic oxygen evolutione1
- Direction
- declinee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“photosynthesis in corn and sugar maple leaves”
e1“The results indicated a decline of photosynthetic oxygen evolution as the pH of the foliar application of simulated acid rain decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced photosynthetic activity was sometimes followed by depigmentation below pH 3.5.
- Taxon
- corn and sugar mapleAcer saccharumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- depigmentatione2
- Qualifier
- below pH 3.5e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“photosynthesis in corn and sugar maple leaves”
e2“The reduced photosynthetic activity was sometimes followed by depigmentation (below pH 3.5)”
Claim · model-written summary
Watering the soil with an acid mixture increased maple and corn plantlet growth rate at higher acidity levels.
- Taxon
- corn and sugar mapleAcer saccharumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- watering the soil with an acid mixturee3
- Outcome
- growth ratee3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Qualifier
- at higher acidity levelse3
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“photosynthesis in corn and sugar maple leaves”
e3“For plantlets treated by watering the soil with an acid mixture, the results showed an increase in the growth rate at higher acidity levels without effect on the photosynthetic activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Watering the soil with an acid mixture had no effect on photosynthetic activity in plantlets.
- Taxon
- corn and sugar mapleAcer saccharumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- watering the soil with an acid mixturee3
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“photosynthesis in corn and sugar maple leaves”
e3“For plantlets treated by watering the soil with an acid mixture, the results showed an increase in the growth rate at higher acidity levels without effect on the photosynthetic activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn seedlings from seeds germinated at different pH showed the same photosynthetic activity regardless of pH.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse4
- Treatment
- seeds that germinated in media of different pH levelse4
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Comparator
- regardless of the pHe4
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“photosynthesis in corn and sugar maple leaves”
e4“All corn seedlings from seeds that germinated in media of different pH levels showed the same photosynthetic activity regardless of the pH”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn seedlings from seeds germinated at lower pH had a higher growth rate than at higher pH.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse4
- Treatment
- media of different pH levelse4
- Outcome
- growth ratee5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- higher pH valuese5
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“photosynthesis in corn and sugar maple leaves”
e4“All corn seedlings from seeds that germinated in media of different pH levels showed the same photosynthetic activity regardless of the pH”
e5“but the growth rate was higher at lower pH values than at higher pH values”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.