Abstract
The interactive effect of salicylic acid and sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. ‘Inqlab’ (salt‐sensitive) and cv. ‘S‐24’ (salt‐tolerant) was studied in a sand‐culture pot experiment in a net house. Wheat seeds soaked in water and 100 ppm salicylic acid solution for 6 h were sown in sand salinized with 0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl. Pots were irrigated with quarter‐strength Hoagland's nutrient solution. Fourteen‐day‐old seedlings were harvested, and growth parameters (leaf and root length, leaf and root dry weight) were recorded. Chlorophyll a and b content; soluble sugar (reducing, nonreducing, and total sugars) content; nitrate (NR) and nitrite reductase activity (NiR); soluble proteins, and total soluble amino acid content of fresh leaves were determined. Sodium chloride salinity significantly reduced growth parameters. Salicylic acid treatment alleviated the adverse salinity effect on growth. Salinity decreased the chlorophyll a and b content and chlorophyll a/b ratio in both varieties, but a decrease in the chlorophyll a/b ratio was less in salt‐tolerant wheat variety (‘S‐24’), which could be a useful marker for selecting a salt‐tolerant variety. Salinity (NaCl) stress considerably increased the accumulation of reducing sugars, nonreducing sugars, and total soluble sugars in leaves of 14‐day‐old wheat seedlings of both varieties. The salt‐tolerant variety (‘S‐24’) accumulated a higher sugar content, which also could be a useful marker for selecting a salt‐tolerant variety for slat‐affected areas. Salinity caused a reduction in nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activity. The salt‐tolerant variety (‘S‐24’) showed resistance to a decrease of nitrate reductase activity under salinity. This could be a useful criterion for selecting salt‐tolerant varieties. In response to salinity, wheat seedlings accumulated soluble proteins and amino acids, which might reflect a salt‐protective mechanism.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl salinity significantly reduced wheat leaf and root growth parameters.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Sodium chloride salinitye0
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium chloride salinity significantly reduced growth parameters.”
e1“growth parameters (leaf and root length, leaf and root dry weight)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid alleviated the adverse effect of salinity on wheat growth.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Salicylic acid treatmente0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salicylic acid treatment alleviated the adverse salinity effect on growth.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased chlorophyll a and b content in both wheat varieties.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a and b contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased the chlorophyll a and b content and chlorophyll a/b ratio in both varieties”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased the chlorophyll a/b ratio in both wheat varieties.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a/b ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased the chlorophyll a and b content and chlorophyll a/b ratio in both varieties”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The salinity-related decrease in chlorophyll a/b ratio was smaller in salt-tolerant S-24 wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- S‐24e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a/b ratioe0
- Direction
- lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in the chlorophyll a/b ratio was less in salt‐tolerant wheat variety (‘S‐24’)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl salinity increased reducing, nonreducing, and total soluble sugars in leaves of both wheat varieties.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaves of 14‐day‐old wheat seedlingse0
- Treatment
- Salinity (NaCl) stresse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of reducing sugars, nonreducing sugars, and total soluble sugarse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity (NaCl) stress considerably increased the accumulation of reducing sugars, nonreducing sugars, and total soluble sugars in leaves of 14‐day‐old wheat seedlings of both varieties.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-tolerant S-24 wheat accumulated more sugar than the other variety.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- S‐24e0
- Outcome
- sugar contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The salt‐tolerant variety (‘S‐24’) accumulated a higher sugar content”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activity in wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity caused a reduction in nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activity.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
S-24 wheat resisted the salinity-related decrease in nitrate reductase activity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- S‐24e0
- Outcome
- nitrate reductase activitye0
- Direction
- resistance to a decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The salt‐tolerant variety (‘S‐24’) showed resistance to a decrease of nitrate reductase activity under salinity.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased soluble proteins and amino acids in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- soluble proteins and amino acidse0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In response to salinity, wheat seedlings accumulated soluble proteins and amino acids”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that the smaller chlorophyll a/b decline in S-24 could mark salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- S‐24e0
- Outcome
- useful marker for selecting a salt‐tolerant varietye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in the chlorophyll a/b ratio was less in salt‐tolerant wheat variety (‘S‐24’), which could be a useful marker for selecting a salt‐tolerant variety”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest higher sugar content as a marker for selecting salt-tolerant wheat for salt-affected areas.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- useful marker for selecting a salt‐tolerant variety for slat‐affected arease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher sugar content, which also could be a useful marker for selecting a salt‐tolerant variety for slat‐affected areas”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest resistance to nitrate reductase decline as a criterion for selecting salt-tolerant wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- useful criterion for selecting salt‐tolerant varietiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The salt‐tolerant variety (‘S‐24’) showed resistance to a decrease of nitrate reductase activity under salinity. This could be a useful criterion for selecting salt‐tolerant varieties.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that soluble protein and amino acid accumulation may reflect a salt-protective mechanism.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- salt‐protective mechanisme0
- Qualifier
- accumulated soluble proteins and amino acidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings accumulated soluble proteins and amino acids, which might reflect a salt‐protective mechanism”
t0“Wheat”
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