Abstract
Controlled-release urea (CRU) and its placement method in rice production were investigated during 2007 and 2008 seasons. Controlled-release urea was applied at 62.5, 125, and 187.5 kg nitrogen (N) ha−1, and the urea was 187.5 kg N ha−1. All the CRU treatments were applied to the nursery beds once, and they were brought into the paddy field during transplanting, while the urea treatment was split into three applications from the plowing to the harvest. The results showed that rice seedlings with CRUs germinated and grow well and there was no salt damage at the nursery stage. The CRU treatment with 125 kg N ha−1 had 33% less N than urea treatment (187.50 kg N ha−1), but it produced significantly higher grain and straw yields, higher total N uptake and total apparent N uptake efficiency. In addition, all the CRU treatments effectively decreased floodwater ammonium (NH4 +)-N and nitrate (NO3 −)-N concentrations, pH, and N runoff.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
The CRU treatment at 125 kg N ha−1 produced significantly higher grain and straw yields than urea at 187.5 kg N ha−1, with 33% less N applied.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- The CRU treatment with 125 kg N ha−1e1
- Outcome
- grain and straw yieldse1
- Direction
- significantly highere1
- Comparator
- urea treatment (187.50 kg N ha−1)e1
- Setting
- 2007 and 2008 seasonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Controlled-release urea (CRU) and its placement method in rice production were investigated during 2007 and 2008 seasons”
e1“The CRU treatment with 125 kg N ha−1 had 33% less N than urea treatment (187.50 kg N ha−1), but it produced significantly higher grain and straw yields, higher total N uptake and total apparent N uptake efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
The CRU treatment at 125 kg N ha−1 increased total N uptake and total apparent N uptake efficiency relative to urea at 187.5 kg N ha−1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- The CRU treatment with 125 kg N ha−1e1
- Outcome
- total N uptake and total apparent N uptake efficiencye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- urea treatment (187.50 kg N ha−1)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Controlled-release urea (CRU) and its placement method in rice production were investigated during 2007 and 2008 seasons”
e1“The CRU treatment with 125 kg N ha−1 had 33% less N than urea treatment (187.50 kg N ha−1), but it produced significantly higher grain and straw yields, higher total N uptake and total apparent N uptake efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice seedlings with CRUs germinated and grew well, with no salt damage at the nursery stage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- nursery stagee3
- Treatment
- CRUse3
- Outcome
- germinated and grow welle3
- Qualifier
- there was no salt damagee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Controlled-release urea (CRU) and its placement method in rice production were investigated during 2007 and 2008 seasons”
e3“rice seedlings with CRUs germinated and grow well and there was no salt damage at the nursery stage”
Claim · model-written summary
All CRU treatments decreased floodwater ammonium-N and nitrate-N concentrations.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- all the CRU treatmentse4
- Outcome
- floodwater ammonium (NH4 +)-N and nitrate (NO3 −)-N concentrationse4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Controlled-release urea (CRU) and its placement method in rice production were investigated during 2007 and 2008 seasons”
e4“all the CRU treatments effectively decreased floodwater ammonium (NH4 +)-N and nitrate (NO3 −)-N concentrations, pH, and N runoff”
Claim · model-written summary
All CRU treatments decreased floodwater pH and N runoff.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- all the CRU treatmentse4
- Outcome
- pH, and N runoffe4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Controlled-release urea (CRU) and its placement method in rice production were investigated during 2007 and 2008 seasons”
e4“all the CRU treatments effectively decreased floodwater ammonium (NH4 +)-N and nitrate (NO3 −)-N concentrations, pH, and N runoff”
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