Abstract
Abstract The interactions between barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum , were studied in the two winter wheat cultivars (cvs.), Agent (susceptible to FHB) and Petrus (moderately resistant to FHB), using ultrastructural and immunocytochemical methods. Infections of wheat plants of both cvs. by BYDV increased susceptibility to FHB. BYDV infection caused numerous cytological changes in lemma tissue of both cvs. such as formation of vesicles in the cytoplasm, degradation of fine structures of chloroplasts of both cvs. and accumulation of large starch grains in the chloroplasts. Electron microscopical studies showed that the development of F. graminearum on spike surfaces was not affected in BYDV‐infected plants. After penetration and intercellular growth in lemma tissue, defence responses to Fusarium infections were markedly reduced in BYDV‐diseased plants compared to the tissue of virus‐free plants. At sites of contact of fungal cells with host tissue, depositions of cell wall material were distinctly less pronounced than in tissues of virus‐free plants of cv. Petrus. Detection of β ‐1,3‐glucanases and chitinases in lemma tissue of cv. Agent revealed no appreciably increased accumulation of both defence enzymes in F. graminearum ‐infected virus‐free and BYDV‐infected tissues compared to the non‐infected control tissue. On the other hand, in cv. Petrus, infection with F. graminearum induced a markedly enhanced activity of both enzymes 3 days after inoculation. The increase of both enzyme activities was less pronounced in BYDV‐infected plants than in tissue exclusively infected with F. graminearum . Cytological studies suggest that in contrast to the susceptible cv. Agent postinfectional defence responses may play still an important role in the resistance of the moderately resistant cv. Petrus to FHB.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
BYDV infection increased wheat susceptibility to Fusarium head blight in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- BYDVe0
- Interactor
- BYDV
Barley yellow dwarf viruse0pathogen - Outcome
- susceptibility to FHBe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infections of wheat plants of both cvs. by BYDV increased susceptibility to FHB.”
Claim · model-written summary
BYDV infection produced cytoplasmic vesicles in wheat lemma tissue.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- lemma tissuee0
- Interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- formation of vesicles in the cytoplasme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BYDV infection caused numerous cytological changes in lemma tissue of both cvs. such as formation of vesicles in the cytoplasm”
t0“Wheat Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
BYDV infection degraded chloroplast fine structures and accumulated large starch grains in wheat chloroplasts.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- barley yellow dwarf virusBarley yellow dwarf virust0pathogen
- Outcome
- degradation of fine structures of chloroplasts of both cvs. and accumulation of large starch grains in the chloroplastse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“degradation of fine structures of chloroplasts of both cvs. and accumulation of large starch grains in the chloroplasts”
t0“Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus – Infection on Fusarium Head Blight, Caused by Fusarium graminearum, in Wheat Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
BYDV infection did not affect F. graminearum development on wheat spike surfaces.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- BYDV‐infectede0
- Interactor
- F. graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Second interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- development of F. graminearum on spike surfacese0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the development of F. graminearum on spike surfaces was not affected in BYDV‐infected plants”
t0“Wheat Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat lemma defense responses to Fusarium were reduced in BYDV-diseased plants versus virus-free plants.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- BYDV‐diseased plantse0
- Second interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- defence responses to Fusarium infectionse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- virus‐free plantse0
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“defence responses to Fusarium infections were markedly reduced in BYDV‐diseased plants compared to the tissue of virus‐free plants”
t0“Wheat Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell wall deposits at fungal contact sites were less pronounced in BYDV-infected Petrus wheat than virus-free Petrus.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Petruse0
- Treatment
- BYDVe1
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Second interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse1pathogen
- Outcome
- depositions of cell wall materiale0
- Direction
- less pronouncede0
- Comparator
- virus‐free plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“depositions of cell wall material were distinctly less pronounced than in tissues of virus‐free plants of cv. Petrus”
t0“Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus – Infection on Fusarium Head Blight, Caused by Fusarium graminearum, in Wheat Plants”
e1“the development of F. graminearum on spike surfaces was not affected in BYDV‐infected plants”
Claim · model-written summary
In Agent wheat, Fusarium infection did not appreciably increase β-1,3-glucanases or chitinases in virus-free or BYDV-infected lemma tissue versus uninfected control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Agente0
- Treatment
- F. graminearum ‐infectede0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Gene
- β ‐1,3‐glucanases and chitinasese0
- Outcome
- accumulation of both defence enzymese0
- Direction
- no appreciably increasede0
- Comparator
- non‐infected control tissuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Detection of β ‐1,3‐glucanases and chitinases in lemma tissue of cv. Agent revealed no appreciably increased accumulation of both defence enzymes in F. graminearum ‐infected virus‐free and BYDV‐infected tissues compared to the non‐infected control tissue.”
t0“Wheat Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
F. graminearum infection markedly enhanced both defense enzyme activities in Petrus wheat after three days.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Petruse0
- Treatment
- infection with F. graminearume0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- activity of both enzymese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- 3 days after inoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in cv. Petrus, infection with F. graminearum induced a markedly enhanced activity of both enzymes 3 days after inoculation”
t0“Wheat Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Both enzyme activities increased less in BYDV-infected Petrus wheat than with F. graminearum infection alone.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- BYDV‐infected plantse0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- both enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- less pronouncede0
- Comparator
- tissue exclusively infected with F. graminearume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase of both enzyme activities was less pronounced in BYDV‐infected plants than in tissue exclusively infected with F. graminearum”
t0“Wheat Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Postinfection defense responses may contribute to Petrus resistance to FHB relative to Agent.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Petruse0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance of the moderately resistant cv. Petrus to FHBe0
- Qualifier
- postinfectional defence responsese0
- Comparator
- Agente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in contrast to the susceptible cv. Agent postinfectional defence responses may play still an important role in the resistance of the moderately resistant cv. Petrus to FHB”
t0“Fusarium graminearum, in Wheat Plants”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.