Abstract
Abstract In the range of water contents studied (0.1–0.4 g H 2 O g dw −1 ), Coffea arabica seeds were less sensitive to desiccation than C. costatifructa, C. racemosa and C. sessiliflora seeds. At 0.20 g H 2 O g dw −1 , 53% of C. arabica seeds germinated after direct immersion in LN (rapid cooling, 200°C min −1 ), but none of them developed into normal seedlings. By contrast, in C. costatifructa, C. racemosa and C. sessiliflora , when seeds were dehydrated to the optimal water content (0.19, 0.28 and 0.31 g H 2 O g dw −1 , respectively), the percentages of seeds which developed into normal seedlings after LN exposure were 26, 78 and 31% of the desiccation control, respectively. Normal seedlings could be recovered from cryopreserved C. arabica seeds only if they were desiccated to 0.20 g H 2 O g dw −1 and precooled slowly to −50°C prior to immersion in LN. Precooling seeds at 2°C min −1 allowed 25% of seeds to develop into normal seedlings. The thawing rate had no effect on the survival of cryopreserved C. arabica seeds. In all cryopreservation experiments, the total germination did not reflect the percentage of seeds which developed into normal seedlings. Examination of excised embryos indicated a partial explanation of this difference since only the shoot apex was destroyed in abnormal embryos, whereas the hypocotyl and radicle were normal.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Coffea arabica seeds were less desiccation sensitive than the three other species.
- Taxon
- Coffea arabica
Coffea arabicae0 - Outcome
- sensitive to desiccatione0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- C. costatifructa, C. racemosa and C. sessiliflorae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coffea arabica seeds were less sensitive to desiccation than C. costatifructa, C. racemosa and C. sessiliflora seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.20 g H 2 O g dw −1, 53% of C. arabica seeds germinated after rapid cooling in liquid nitrogen.
- Taxon
- C. arabicaCoffea arabicae0
- Outcome
- seeds germinatede0
- Value
- 53%e0
- Qualifier
- rapid cooling, 200°C min −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 0.20 g H 2 O g dw −1 , 53% of C. arabica seeds germinated after direct immersion in LN (rapid cooling, 200°C min −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
No rapidly cooled C. arabica seeds developed into normal seedlings.
- Taxon
- C. arabicaCoffea arabicae1
- Outcome
- none of them developed into normal seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but none of them developed into normal seedlings.”
e1“At 0.20 g H 2 O g dw −1 , 53% of C. arabica seeds germinated after direct immersion in LN (rapid cooling, 200°C min −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
C. costatifructa normal seedling recovery after liquid nitrogen exposure was 26% of desiccation control.
Verbatim
e0“in C. costatifructa, C. racemosa and C. sessiliflora , when seeds were dehydrated to the optimal water content (0.19, 0.28 and 0.31 g H 2 O g dw −1 , respectively), the percentages of seeds which developed into normal seedlings after LN exposure were 26, 78 and 31% of the desiccation control, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
C. racemosa normal seedling recovery after liquid nitrogen exposure was 78% of desiccation control.
- Taxon
- C. racemosa
Coffea racemosae0 - Outcome
- seeds which developed into normal seedlings after LN exposuree0
- Value
- 78e0
- Qualifier
- 0.28e0
- Comparator
- desiccation controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in C. costatifructa, C. racemosa and C. sessiliflora , when seeds were dehydrated to the optimal water content (0.19, 0.28 and 0.31 g H 2 O g dw −1 , respectively), the percentages of seeds which developed into normal seedlings after LN exposure were 26, 78 and 31% of the desiccation control, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
C. sessiliflora normal seedling recovery after liquid nitrogen exposure was 31% of desiccation control.
Verbatim
e0“in C. costatifructa, C. racemosa and C. sessiliflora , when seeds were dehydrated to the optimal water content (0.19, 0.28 and 0.31 g H 2 O g dw −1 , respectively), the percentages of seeds which developed into normal seedlings after LN exposure were 26, 78 and 31% of the desiccation control, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal C. arabica seedlings were recovered only with desiccation and slow precooling to −50°C.
- Taxon
- C. arabicaCoffea arabicae0
- Outcome
- Normal seedlings could be recoverede0
- Qualifier
- desiccated to 0.20 g H 2 O g dw −1 and precooled slowly to −50°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Normal seedlings could be recovered from cryopreserved C. arabica seeds only if they were desiccated to 0.20 g H 2 O g dw −1 and precooled slowly to −50°C prior to immersion in LN.”
Claim · model-written summary
Precooling at 2°C min −1 allowed 25% of C. arabica seeds to develop into normal seedlings.
- Taxon
- C. arabicaCoffea arabicae1
- Outcome
- seeds to develop into normal seedlingse0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Qualifier
- 2°C min −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Precooling seeds at 2°C min −1 allowed 25% of seeds to develop into normal seedlings.”
e1“cryopreserved C. arabica seeds only if they were desiccated”
Claim · model-written summary
Thawing rate had no effect on C. arabica seed survival.
- Taxon
- C. arabicaCoffea arabicae0
- Treatment
- thawing ratee0
- Outcome
- survival of cryopreserved C. arabica seedse0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The thawing rate had no effect on the survival of cryopreserved C. arabica seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Total germination did not reflect normal seedling development in cryopreservation experiments.
- Outcome
- total germination did not reflect the percentage of seeds which developed into normal seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In all cryopreservation experiments, the total germination did not reflect the percentage of seeds which developed into normal seedlings.”
t0“coffee species”
Claim · model-written summary
In abnormal embryos only the shoot apex was destroyed while hypocotyl and radicle were normal.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only the shoot apex was destroyed in abnormal embryos, whereas the hypocotyl and radicle were normal.”
t0“coffee species”