Abstract
Stomatal closure during water stress is a major plant mechanism for reducing the loss of water through leaves. The opening and closure of stomata are mediated by endomembrane trafficking. The role of the vacuolar trafficking pathway, that involves v-SNAREs of the AtVAMP71 family (formerly called AtVAMP7C) in stomatal movements, was analysed. Expression of AtVAMP711-14 genes was manipulated in Arabidopsis plants with sense or antisense constructs by transformation of the AtVAMP711 gene. Antisense plants exhibited decreased stomatal closure during drought or after treatment with abscisic acid (ABA), resulting in the rapid loss of leaf water and tissue collapse. No improvement was seen in plants overexpressing the AtVAMP711 gene, suggesting that wild-type levels of AtVAMP711 expression are sufficient. ABA treatment induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in guard cells of both wild-type and antisense plants, indicating that correct hormone sensing is maintained. ROS were detected in nuclei, chloroplasts, and vacuoles. ABA treatment caused a significant increase in ROS-containing small vacuoles and also in plastids and nuclei of neighbouring epidermal and mesophyll cells. Taken together, our results show that VAMP71 proteins play an important role in the localization of ROS, and in the regulation of stomatal closure by ABA treatment. The paper also describes a novel aspect of ROS signalling in plants: that of ROS production in small vacuoles that are dispersed in the cytoplasm.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Antisense Arabidopsis plants had decreased stomatal closure during drought or ABA treatment.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise1 - Treatment
- antisense constructse1
- Gene
- AtVAMP711-14 genese1
- Outcome
- stomatal closuree0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- during drought or after treatment with abscisic acid (ABA)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antisense plants exhibited decreased stomatal closure during drought or after treatment with abscisic acid (ABA)”
e1“Expression of AtVAMP711-14 genes was manipulated in Arabidopsis plants with sense or antisense constructs”
Claim · model-written summary
Antisense plants rapidly lost leaf water and experienced tissue collapse.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- antisense constructse1
- Gene
- AtVAMP711-14 genese1
- Outcome
- leaf water and tissue collapsee0
- Direction
- losse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antisense plants exhibited decreased stomatal closure during drought or after treatment with abscisic acid (ABA), resulting in the rapid loss of leaf water and tissue collapse”
e1“Expression of AtVAMP711-14 genes was manipulated in Arabidopsis plants with sense or antisense constructs”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpressing AtVAMP711 did not improve the studied response.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- overexpressing the AtVAMP711 genee0
- Gene
- AtVAMP711 genee0
- Outcome
- improvemente0
- Direction
- No improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“No improvement was seen in plants overexpressing the AtVAMP711 gene”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA induced guard-cell ROS in wild-type and antisense plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- wild-type and antisense plantse0
- Organ / stage
- guard cellse0
- Treatment
- ABA treatmente0
- Outcome
- production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“ABA treatment induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in guard cells of both wild-type and antisense plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ROS occurred in nuclei, chloroplasts, and vacuoles.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- ROS were detected in nuclei, chloroplasts, and vacuolese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“ROS were detected in nuclei, chloroplasts, and vacuoles”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA significantly increased ROS-containing small vacuoles.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- ABA treatmente0
- Outcome
- ROS-containing small vacuolese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“ABA treatment caused a significant increase in ROS-containing small vacuoles”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA increased ROS in plastids and nuclei of neighboring epidermal and mesophyll cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- neighbouring epidermal and mesophyll cellse0
- Treatment
- ABA treatmente0
- Outcome
- ROS-containing small vacuoles and also in plastids and nucleie0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“ABA treatment caused a significant increase in ROS-containing small vacuoles and also in plastids and nuclei of neighbouring epidermal and mesophyll cells”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that VAMP71 proteins regulate ROS localization and ABA-mediated stomatal closure.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- ABA treatmente0
- Gene
- VAMP71 proteinse0
- Outcome
- localization of ROS, and in the regulation of stomatal closuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“VAMP71 proteins play an important role in the localization of ROS, and in the regulation of stomatal closure by ABA treatment”
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