Abstract
Abstract Pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of biofertilizers (inoculation with different bacterial isolates), foliar spraying with some micronutrients ( Mn , Zn , Fe and Mn+Zn+Fe ) and their interaction on growth, physiological parameters and nutrients content of wheat plants grown on reclaimed soil. Pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of N ational R esearch center, The experimental design was split plot with four replicates. Four biofertilizer treatments (un‐inoculated, B acillus polymyxa , A zotobacter chroococcum or A zosprillium barasilense ) were used and randomly distributed in the main pots. The foliar treatments with micronutrients were randomly distributed in the sub plots. The growth parameters (plant height, leaf area, roots, shoots and whole plant dry weights and number of tillers & leaves per plant); some physiological parameters (soluble sugar %, protein %, polysaccharide %, chl. A+b μg cm −1 leaf per plant, carotenoids μg g −1 , IAA mg kg −1 and psll mol DCPIP reduced per mg chl. per h) and nutrient contents ( N , P , K , Mg , Mn , Zn and Cu ) of wheat plants were significantly increased by inoculating wheat grains with different bacteria as compared with un‐inoculated plants (control). The highest values of all the mentioned parameters were obtained by using A zospirillum brasilense followed by A zotobacter chroococcum and B acillus polymyxa in decreasing order. Foliar spraying treatments significantly increased the growth parameters, physiological parameters as well as nutrients content of wheat plants as compared with control. Highest values were obtained by using ( Mn+Fe+Zn ) treatment followed by Zn , Fe and Mn in decreasing order. Micronutrients in wheat plants differed as the foliar treatments were differed, so application of any micronutrient individually significantly increased its content and enhanced the content of other micronutrients in wheat. Interaction between the used biofertilizers and foliar spraying with micronutrients significantly affected all the studied parameters of wheat plants, the highest were obtained by inoculating wheat grains with A zospirillum brasilense and spraying the plants with ( Mn+Fe+Zn ) treatment, while the lowest values were attained by un‐inoculated grains (control) and spraying the wheat plants with tap water (control). Effective microorganisms in combination with micronutrients could be recommended to farmers to lead higher wheat yield.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation increased wheat growth traits relative to uninoculated controls.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- inoculating wheat grains with different bacteriae1
- Interactor
- different bacteriae1symbiont
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf area, roots, shoots and whole plant dry weights and number of tillers & leaves per plante0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- un‐inoculated plants (control)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth parameters (plant height, leaf area, roots, shoots and whole plant dry weights and number of tillers & leaves per plant); some physiological parameters”
e1“of wheat plants were significantly increased by inoculating wheat grains with different bacteria as compared with un‐inoculated plants (control).”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation increased wheat soluble sugar, protein and polysaccharide percentages.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- inoculating wheat grains with different bacteriae1
- Interactor
- different bacteriae1symbiont
- Outcome
- soluble sugar %, protein %, polysaccharide %e0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- un‐inoculated plants (control)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soluble sugar %, protein %, polysaccharide %”
e1“of wheat plants were significantly increased by inoculating wheat grains with different bacteria as compared with un‐inoculated plants (control).”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation increased wheat chlorophyll and carotenoids.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- inoculating wheat grains with different bacteriae1
- Interactor
- different bacteriae1symbiont
- Outcome
- chl. A+b μg cm −1 leaf per plant, carotenoids μg g −1e0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- un‐inoculated plants (control)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chl. A+b μg cm −1 leaf per plant, carotenoids μg g −1”
e1“of wheat plants were significantly increased by inoculating wheat grains with different bacteria as compared with un‐inoculated plants (control).”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation increased wheat IAA and photosynthetic electron transport measures.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- inoculating wheat grains with different bacteriae1
- Interactor
- different bacteriae1symbiont
- Outcome
- IAA mg kg −1 and psll mol DCPIP reduced per mg chl. per he0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- un‐inoculated plants (control)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IAA mg kg −1 and psll mol DCPIP reduced per mg chl. per h”
e1“of wheat plants were significantly increased by inoculating wheat grains with different bacteria as compared with un‐inoculated plants (control).”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation increased wheat nutrient contents.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- inoculating wheat grains with different bacteriae0
- Interactor
- different bacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- nutrient contents ( N , P , K , Mg , Mn , Zn and Cu )e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- un‐inoculated plants (control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutrient contents ( N , P , K , Mg , Mn , Zn and Cu ) of wheat plants were significantly increased by inoculating wheat grains with different bacteria as compared with un‐inoculated plants (control).”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum brasilense gave the highest measured parameters among bacterial inoculants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- A zospirillum brasilensee0
- Interactor
- A zospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Outcome
- highest values of all the mentioned parameterse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- A zotobacter chroococcum and B acillus polymyxae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest values of all the mentioned parameters were obtained by using A zospirillum brasilense followed by A zotobacter chroococcum and B acillus polymyxa in decreasing order.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar micronutrient spraying increased wheat growth, physiological and nutrient parameters.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying treatmentse0
- Outcome
- growth parameters, physiological parameters as well as nutrients contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying treatments significantly increased the growth parameters, physiological parameters as well as nutrients content of wheat plants as compared with control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Mn, Fe and Zn spraying gave the highest values among foliar micronutrient treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Mn+Fe+Zne0
- Outcome
- Highest valuese0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Comparator
- Zn , Fe and Mne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest values were obtained by using ( Mn+Fe+Zn ) treatment followed by Zn , Fe and Mn in decreasing order.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying individual micronutrients increased their wheat content and enhanced other micronutrients.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- application of any micronutrient individuallye0
- Outcome
- its content and enhanced the content of other micronutrientse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of any micronutrient individually significantly increased its content and enhanced the content of other micronutrients in wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer and foliar micronutrient interactions significantly affected all wheat parameters.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- used biofertilizers and foliar spraying with micronutrientse0
- Outcome
- all the studied parameterse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interaction between the used biofertilizers and foliar spraying with micronutrients significantly affected all the studied parameters of wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum brasilense inoculation with Mn, Fe and Zn spraying gave the highest wheat parameter values.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- inoculating wheat grains with A zospirillum brasilense and spraying the plants with ( Mn+Fe+Zn ) treatmente0
- Interactor
- A zospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Outcome
- the higheste0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- un‐inoculated grains (control) and spraying the wheat plants with tap water (control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest were obtained by inoculating wheat grains with A zospirillum brasilense and spraying the plants with ( Mn+Fe+Zn ) treatment, while the lowest values were attained by un‐inoculated grains (control) and spraying the wheat plants with tap water (control).”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend effective microorganisms with micronutrients for higher wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Effective microorganisms in combination with micronutrientse0
- Outcome
- higher wheat yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effective microorganisms in combination with micronutrients could be recommended to farmers to lead higher wheat yield.”
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