Abstract
Negative effects of soil compaction have been recognized as one of the problems restricting the root system and consequently impairing yields, especially in the Southern Coastal Plain of the USA. Simulations of the root restricting layers in green house studies are necessary for the development of mechanism which alleviates soil compaction problems in these soils. The selection of three distinct bulk densities based on the standard proctor test is also an important factor to determine which bulk density restricts the root layer. The experiment was conducted to assess the root length density and root diameter of the corn (Zea mays L.) crop as a function of bulk density and water stress, characterized by the soil density (1.2; 1.4, and 1.6 g cm -3 ), and two levels of the water content, approximately (70 and 90% field capacity). The statistical design adopted was completely randomized design, with four replicates in a factorial pattern of (3 x 2). The PVC tubes were superimposed with an internal diameter of 20 cm with a height of 40 cm (the upper tube 20 cm, compacted and inferior tube 10 cm), the hardpan with different levels of soil compaction were located between 20 and 30 cm of the depth of the pot. Results showed that: the main effects of subsoil mechanical impedance were observed on the top layer indicating that the plants had to penetrate beyond the favorable soil conditions before root growth was affected from 3.16; 2.41 to 1.37 cm cm -3 (P<0.005). There was a significant difference at the hardpan layer for the two levels of water and 90% field capacity reduced the root growth from 0.91 to 0.60 cm cm -3 (P<0.005). The root length density and root diameter were affected by increasing soil bulk density from 1.2 to 1.6 g cm -3 which caused penetration resistance to increase to 1.4 MPa. Soil water content of 70% field capacity furnished better root growth in all the layers studied. The increase in root length density resulted in increased root volume. It can also be concluded that the effect of soil compaction impaired the root diameter mostly at the hardpan layer. Soil temperature had detrimental effect on the root growth mostly with higher bulk densities.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoil mechanical impedance reduced corn root growth in the top layer from 3.16 and 2.41 to 1.37 cm cm -3 (P<0.005).
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Organ / stage
- top layere2
- Treatment
- subsoil mechanical impedancee2
- Outcome
- root growthe1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Value
- 3.16; 2.41 to 1.37 cm cm -3e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root length density and root diameter of the corn (Zea mays L.) crop”
e1“root growth was affected from 3.16; 2.41 to 1.37 cm cm -3 (P<0.005)”
e2“the main effects of subsoil mechanical impedance were observed on the top layer”
Claim · model-written summary
At the hardpan layer, 90% field capacity reduced corn root growth from 0.91 to 0.60 cm cm -3 (P<0.005).
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- 90% field capacitye1
- Outcome
- root growthe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 0.91 to 0.60 cm cm -3e1
- Qualifier
- at the hardpan layere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root length density and root diameter of the corn (Zea mays L.) crop”
e1“There was a significant difference at the hardpan layer for the two levels of water and 90% field capacity reduced the root growth from 0.91 to 0.60 cm cm -3 (P<0.005)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root length density and root diameter were affected by increasing soil bulk density from 1.2 to 1.6 g cm -3.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- increasing soil bulk density from 1.2 to 1.6 g cm -3e1
- Outcome
- root length density and root diametere1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root length density and root diameter of the corn (Zea mays L.) crop”
e1“The root length density and root diameter were affected by increasing soil bulk density from 1.2 to 1.6 g cm -3”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing soil bulk density from 1.2 to 1.6 g cm -3 increased penetration resistance to 1.4 MPa.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- increasing soil bulk density from 1.2 to 1.6 g cm -3e1
- Outcome
- penetration resistancee1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 1.4 MPae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root length density and root diameter of the corn (Zea mays L.) crop”
e1“increasing soil bulk density from 1.2 to 1.6 g cm -3 which caused penetration resistance to increase to 1.4 MPa”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil water content of 70% field capacity furnished better root growth in all layers studied.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Soil water content of 70% field capacitye1
- Outcome
- root growthe1
- Direction
- bettere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root length density and root diameter of the corn (Zea mays L.) crop”
e1“Soil water content of 70% field capacity furnished better root growth in all the layers studied”
Claim · model-written summary
The increase in root length density resulted in increased root volume.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- root volumee1
- Qualifier
- increase in root length densitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root length density and root diameter of the corn (Zea mays L.) crop”
e1“The increase in root length density resulted in increased root volume”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil compaction impaired root diameter mostly at the hardpan layer.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- soil compactione1
- Outcome
- root diametere1
- Direction
- impairede1
- Qualifier
- mostly at the hardpan layere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root length density and root diameter of the corn (Zea mays L.) crop”
e1“the effect of soil compaction impaired the root diameter mostly at the hardpan layer”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil temperature had a detrimental effect on root growth, mostly at higher bulk densities.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Soil temperaturee1
- Outcome
- root growthe1
- Direction
- detrimentale1
- Qualifier
- mostly with higher bulk densitiese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root length density and root diameter of the corn (Zea mays L.) crop”
e1“Soil temperature had detrimental effect on the root growth mostly with higher bulk densities”
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