Abstract
Aerobic rice is grown in non-puddled soil, and it typically shows low yield, harvest index, and percentage of filled grains (PFG). In lowland rice, PFG is closely related to the grain filling patterns of superior and inferior grains. A synchronous pattern leads to high PFG. Since no studies have been done on the grain filling of aerobic rice, its effects on yield are unknown. Two field experiments were conducted simultaneously to investigate the grain filling and yield formation of aerobic rice HD297 at two contrasting sites in northern China with and without nitrogen urea (150 kg/ha) as fertilizer. Nitrogen urea (fertilizer-N) significantly improved the yield of HD297 at a low soil fertility site, but not so at a high soil fertility site. Among yield components, the number of productive tillers and PFG contributed most to the yield. Fertilizer-N and high fertility improved total dry matter and tillering, but significantly decreased PFG. Grain weight of superior grains showed a typical 'S' curve with faster filling rate, while that of inferior grains continuously increased during the filling stage with low rates. The filling pattern of HD297 was asynchronous, and was not significantly affected by the fertilizer-N or the site. Fertilizer-N had little effect on the non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) accumulation or contribution to grain. Postanthesis, the NSC contribution was only around 70%, suggesting an insufficient carbohydrate supply to the spikelets during the filling stage. The yield of HD297 could be increased by delaying N-dressing for longer photosynthesis, increasing plant density for more superior grains, or improving the variety for the ideal filling pattern.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen urea fertilizer significantly increased the yield of aerobic rice HD297 at a low soil fertility site compared with no nitrogen urea.
Verbatim
t0“aerobic rice HD297”
e0“with and without nitrogen urea (150 kg/ha) as fertilizer”
e1“Nitrogen urea (fertilizer-N) significantly improved the yield of HD297 at a low soil fertility site”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen urea did not improve the yield of aerobic rice HD297 at a high soil fertility site.
Verbatim
t0“aerobic rice HD297”
e0“with and without nitrogen urea (150 kg/ha) as fertilizer”
e1“Nitrogen urea (fertilizer-N) significantly improved the yield of HD297 at a low soil fertility site, but not so at a high soil fertility site”
Claim · model-written summary
Among yield components of aerobic rice HD297, the number of productive tillers and the percentage of filled grains contributed most to yield.
Verbatim
t0“aerobic rice HD297”
e0“Among yield components, the number of productive tillers and PFG contributed most to the yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer-N increased total dry matter and tillering of aerobic rice.
- Taxon
- aerobic ricet0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer-Ne0
- Outcome
- total dry matter and tilleringe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“aerobic rice HD297”
e0“Fertilizer-N and high fertility improved total dry matter and tillering”
Claim · model-written summary
High soil fertility increased total dry matter and tillering of aerobic rice.
- Taxon
- aerobic ricet0
- Treatment
- high fertilitye0
- Outcome
- total dry matter and tilleringe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“aerobic rice HD297”
e0“Fertilizer-N and high fertility improved total dry matter and tillering”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer-N significantly decreased the percentage of filled grains (PFG) of aerobic rice.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“aerobic rice HD297”
e0“Fertilizer-N and high fertility improved total dry matter and tillering, but significantly decreased PFG”
Claim · model-written summary
High soil fertility significantly decreased the percentage of filled grains (PFG) of aerobic rice.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“aerobic rice HD297”
e0“Fertilizer-N and high fertility improved total dry matter and tillering, but significantly decreased PFG”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain weight of superior grains followed a typical S curve with a faster filling rate.
Verbatim
t0“aerobic rice HD297”
e0“Grain weight of superior grains showed a typical 'S' curve with faster filling rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain weight of inferior grains increased continuously during the filling stage at low rates.
Verbatim
t0“aerobic rice HD297”
e0“that of inferior grains continuously increased during the filling stage with low rates”
Claim · model-written summary
The grain filling pattern of HD297 was asynchronous.
Verbatim
t0“aerobic rice HD297”
e0“The filling pattern of HD297 was asynchronous”
Claim · model-written summary
The grain filling pattern of HD297 was not significantly affected by fertilizer-N.
- Taxon
- aerobic ricet0
- Material
- HD297e0
- Treatment
- fertilizer-Ne0
- Outcome
- filling patterne0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“aerobic rice HD297”
e0“The filling pattern of HD297 was asynchronous, and was not significantly affected by the fertilizer-N or the site”
Claim · model-written summary
The grain filling pattern of HD297 was not significantly affected by the site.
Verbatim
t0“aerobic rice HD297”
e0“The filling pattern of HD297 was asynchronous, and was not significantly affected by the fertilizer-N or the site”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer-N had little effect on accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) or their contribution to grain.
- Taxon
- aerobic ricet0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer-Ne0
- Outcome
- non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) accumulation or contribution to graine0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“aerobic rice HD297”
e0“Fertilizer-N had little effect on the non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) accumulation or contribution to grain”
Claim · model-written summary
After anthesis the NSC contribution to grain was only around 70%.
Verbatim
t0“aerobic rice HD297”
e0“Postanthesis, the NSC contribution was only around 70%”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that carbohydrate supply to the spikelets during the filling stage was insufficient.
Verbatim
t0“aerobic rice HD297”
e0“suggesting an insufficient carbohydrate supply to the spikelets during the filling stage”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend that yield of HD297 could be increased by delaying N-dressing, increasing plant density, or improving the variety for the ideal filling pattern.
Verbatim
t0“aerobic rice HD297”
e0“The yield of HD297 could be increased by delaying N-dressing for longer photosynthesis, increasing plant density for more superior grains, or improving the variety for the ideal filling pattern”
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