Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis, the expression of SA-related genes and the effect of SA on the Arabidopsis-Plasmodiophora brassicae interaction were examined. Biochemical analyses revealed that, in P. brassicae-infected Arabidopsis, the majority of SA is synthesized from chorismate. Real-time monitored expression of a gene for isochorismate synthase was induced on infection. SA can be modified after accumulation, either by methylation, improving its mobility, or by glycosylation, as one possible reaction for inactivation. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) confirmed the induction of an SA methyltransferase gene, whereas SA glucosyltransferase expression was not changed after infection. Col-0 wild-type (wt) did not provide a visible phenotypic resistance response, whereas the Arabidopsis mutant dnd1, which constitutively activates the immune system, showed reduced gall scores. As dnd1 showed control of the pathogen, exogenous SA was applied to Arabidopsis in order to test whether it could suppress clubroot. In wt, sid2 (SA biosynthesis), NahG (SA-deficient) and npr1 (SA signalling-impaired) mutants, SA treatment did not alter the gall score, but positively affected the shoot weight. This suggests that SA alone is not sufficient for Arabidopsis resistance against P. brassicae. Semi-quantitative PCR revealed that wt, cpr1, dnd1 and sid2 showed elevated PR-1 expression on P. brassicae and SA + P. brassicae inoculation at 2 and 3 weeks post-inoculation (wpi), whereas NahG and npr1 showed no expression. This work contributes to the understanding of SA involvement in the Arabidopsis-P. brassicae interaction.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Most salicylic acid in infected Arabidopsis was synthesized from chorismate.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Interactor
- P. brassicae
.jpg?width=60)
Plasmodiophora brassicaee0pathogen - Compound
- chorismatee0
- Outcome
- majority of SA is synthesized from chorismatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“in P. brassicae-infected Arabidopsis, the majority of SA is synthesized from chorismate”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection induced expression of an isochorismate synthase gene.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- infectione0
- Interactor
- P. brassicaePlasmodiophora brassicaee1pathogen
- Gene
- isochorismate synthasee0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of a gene for isochorismate synthase was induced on infection”
e1“P. brassicae-infected Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection induced an SA methyltransferase gene.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- P. brassicae-infectede1
- Interactor
- P. brassicaePlasmodiophora brassicaee1pathogen
- Gene
- SA methyltransferase genee0
- Outcome
- inductione0
- Direction
- inductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“induction of an SA methyltransferase gene”
e1“P. brassicae-infected Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
SA glucosyltransferase expression did not change after infection.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- infectione0
- Interactor
- P. brassicaePlasmodiophora brassicaee1pathogen
- Gene
- SA glucosyltransferasee0
- Outcome
- SA glucosyltransferase expressione0
- Direction
- not changede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA glucosyltransferase expression was not changed after infection”
e1“P. brassicae-infected Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Col-0 wild type showed no visible phenotypic resistance response.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- Col-0 wild-type (wt)e0
- Interactor
- P. brassicaePlasmodiophora brassicaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- did not provide a visible phenotypic resistance responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Col-0 wild-type (wt) did not provide a visible phenotypic resistance response”
e1“P. brassicae-infected Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The dnd1 mutant showed reduced gall scores.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- dnd1e0
- Outcome
- gall scorese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis mutant dnd1, which constitutively activates the immune system, showed reduced gall scores”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid treatment did not alter gall scores across the listed genotypes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- wt, sid2 (SA biosynthesis), NahG (SA-deficient) and npr1 (SA signalling-impaired) mutantse0
- Treatment
- SA treatmente0
- Outcome
- gall scoree0
- Direction
- did not altere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wt, sid2 (SA biosynthesis), NahG (SA-deficient) and npr1 (SA signalling-impaired) mutants, SA treatment did not alter the gall score”
e1“Arabidopsis in order to test whether it could suppress clubroot”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid treatment increased shoot weight across the listed genotypes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- wt, sid2 (SA biosynthesis), NahG (SA-deficient) and npr1 (SA signalling-impaired) mutantse0
- Treatment
- SA treatmente0
- Outcome
- shoot weighte0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wt, sid2 (SA biosynthesis), NahG (SA-deficient) and npr1 (SA signalling-impaired) mutants, SA treatment did not alter the gall score, but positively affected the shoot weight”
e1“Arabidopsis in order to test whether it could suppress clubroot”
Claim · model-written summary
Wild type, cpr1, dnd1, and sid2 had elevated PR-1 expression after pathogen and combined pathogen plus SA inoculation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- wt, cpr1, dnd1 and sid2e0
- Treatment
- P. brassicae and SA + P. brassicae inoculatione0
- Interactor
- P. brassicaePlasmodiophora brassicaee0pathogen
- Gene
- PR-1e0
- Outcome
- PR-1 expressione0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wt, cpr1, dnd1 and sid2 showed elevated PR-1 expression on P. brassicae and SA + P. brassicae inoculation at 2 and 3 weeks post-inoculation (wpi)”
e1“P. brassicae-infected Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
NahG and npr1 showed no PR-1 expression after pathogen and combined pathogen plus SA inoculation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Material
- NahG and npr1e0
- Treatment
- P. brassicae and SA + P. brassicae inoculatione1
- Interactor
- P. brassicaePlasmodiophora brassicaee1pathogen
- Gene
- PR-1e1
- Outcome
- no expressione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas NahG and npr1 showed no expression”
e1“PR-1 expression on P. brassicae and SA + P. brassicae inoculation”
e2“P. brassicae-infected Arabidopsis”
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