Abstract
Nutrient management for profitable and sustainable crop production depends on correct diagnosis of the full range of disorders that could potentially limit crop yield and grain or fruit quality. On sands, a suite of nutrient disorders can typically limit crop yield but the specific deficiencies can vary among types of sand. Hence, for site-specific nutrient management, there is a need for accurate diagnosis of the disorders. In the present study, the omission design—‘All’ nutrients, and without phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), boron (B), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and molybenum (Mo)—was used in five field experiments to determine limiting nutrients for peanut growth and yield on a range of the major sand types in south-central coastal (SCC) Vietnam. A modified double-pot experimental approach was also used to determine its accuracy in more rapid prediction of field nutrient deficiencies. In three field experiments in Phu Cat district, Binh Dinh province, irrigated peanut yield was depressed by K, S, B and Cu deficiency. In addition, omission of Zn depressed yield in one of those fields. Omission of Mo depressed shoot dry matter (DM) of peanut in the Cat Hanh site in 2011 but not seed yield. Double-pot experiments with maize as a test plant confirmed K, S, B and Cu deficiencies in Binh Dinh sands. By contrast, in sands in Ninh Thuan province, P, K, S, Cu and Zn were deficient for peanut yield at one field site while P, K, S, B, Cu and Zn were deficient at another. The results were supported by maize plant DM and shoot nutrient concentration responses in the double-pot experiment. We conclude that nutrient disorders vary among different sands, requiring careful diagnosis for each type of sand, but parent material best explains differences in the suite of nutrient deficiencies diagnosed in each. The modified double-pot experiment predicted the same deficiencies as the field experiments, suggesting it could be used as a diagnostic tool to assess the suite of nutrient limitations expected in different types of sands, whether in Vietnam or elsewhere. Multiple nutrient deficiencies in SCC Vietnam require further research to develop integrated nutrient management approaches to overcome these deficiencies and also minimise the cost of inputs.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigated peanut yield in Phu Cat was depressed by K, S and B deficiency.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae1 - Treatment
- K, S, Be1
- Outcome
- irrigated peanut yielde1
- Direction
- depressede1
- Setting
- Phu Cat district, Binh Dinh provincee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In three field experiments in Phu Cat district, Binh Dinh province, irrigated peanut yield was depressed by K, S, B and Cu deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigated peanut yield in Phu Cat was depressed by Cu deficiency.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- Cue1
- Outcome
- irrigated peanut yielde1
- Direction
- depressede1
- Setting
- Phu Cat district, Binh Dinh provincee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In three field experiments in Phu Cat district, Binh Dinh province, irrigated peanut yield was depressed by K, S, B and Cu deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Omission of Zn depressed peanut yield in one of the Phu Cat fields.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- omission of Zne2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- depressede2
- Qualifier
- in one of those fieldse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In three field experiments in Phu Cat district, Binh Dinh province, irrigated peanut yield was depressed by K, S, B and Cu deficiency”
e2“In addition, omission of Zn depressed yield in one of those fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Omission of Mo depressed peanut shoot dry matter at the Cat Hanh site in 2011.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae3
- Organ / stage
- shoote3
- Treatment
- Omission of Moe3
- Outcome
- shoot dry matter (DM)e3
- Direction
- depressede3
- Setting
- Cat Hanh site in 2011e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Omission of Mo depressed shoot dry matter (DM) of peanut in the Cat Hanh site in 2011 but not seed yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Omission of Mo did not change peanut seed yield.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae3
- Treatment
- Omission of Moe3
- Outcome
- seed yielde3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Omission of Mo depressed shoot dry matter (DM) of peanut in the Cat Hanh site in 2011 but not seed yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize double-pot tests confirmed K, S, B and Cu deficiencies in Binh Dinh sands.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Double-pot experiments with maize as a test plant confirmed K, S, B and Cu deficiencies in Binh Dinh sands”
Claim · model-written summary
In sands in Ninh Thuan province, P, K, S, Cu and Zn were deficient for peanut yield at one field site.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae5
- Outcome
- peanut yielde5
- Qualifier
- P, K, S, Cu and Zne5
- Setting
- sands in Ninh Thuan provincee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“in sands in Ninh Thuan province, P, K, S, Cu and Zn were deficient for peanut yield at one field site”
Claim · model-written summary
In sands in Ninh Thuan province, P, K, S, B, Cu and Zn were deficient for peanut yield at another field site.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae5
- Outcome
- peanut yielde5
- Qualifier
- P, K, S, B, Cu and Zne6
- Setting
- sands in Ninh Thuan provincee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“in sands in Ninh Thuan province, P, K, S, Cu and Zn were deficient for peanut yield at one field site”
e6“P, K, S, B, Cu and Zn were deficient at another”
Claim · model-written summary
Parent material best explains differences in the suite of nutrient deficiencies between sands.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Outcome
- suite of nutrient deficienciese7
- Qualifier
- parent material best explains differencese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In three field experiments in Phu Cat district, Binh Dinh province, irrigated peanut yield was depressed by K, S, B and Cu deficiency”
e7“parent material best explains differences in the suite of nutrient deficiencies diagnosed in each”
Claim · model-written summary
The modified double-pot experiment predicted the same nutrient deficiencies as the field experiments.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Double-pot experiments with maize as a test plant confirmed K, S, B and Cu deficiencies in Binh Dinh sands”
e0“The modified double-pot experiment predicted the same deficiencies as the field experiments”
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