Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity. We have investigated the effects of Al-induced NO production on cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yang-5). We found that Al exposure induced NO accumulation in the root tips. Eliminating NO production with an NO scavenger (cPTIO) significantly alleviated the Al-induced inhibition of root growth and thus reduced Al accumulation. Elimination of NO, however, did not significantly affect malate efflux or rhizosphere pH changes under Al exposure. Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. Exogenous cPTIO application significantly decreased pectin methylesterase activity and increased the degree of methylation of pectin in the root cell wall, thus decreasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin. These results suggest that the Al-induced enhanced production of NO decreases cell wall pectin methylation, thus increasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin and negatively regulating Al tolerance in wheat.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium exposure induced nitric oxide accumulation in wheat root tips.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- root tipse0
- Treatment
- Al exposuree0
- Outcome
- NO accumulatione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al exposure induced NO accumulation in the root tips.”
t0“wheat roots”
Claim · model-written summary
The nitric oxide scavenger cPTIO significantly alleviated aluminium-induced root growth inhibition.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NO scavenger (cPTIO)e0
- Outcome
- Al-induced inhibition of root growthe0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eliminating NO production with an NO scavenger (cPTIO) significantly alleviated the Al-induced inhibition of root growth”
t0“wheat roots”
Claim · model-written summary
cPTIO reduced aluminium accumulation in wheat roots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NO scavenger (cPTIO)e0
- Outcome
- Al accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eliminating NO production with an NO scavenger (cPTIO) significantly alleviated the Al-induced inhibition of root growth and thus reduced Al accumulation.”
t0“wheat roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Eliminating nitric oxide did not significantly affect malate efflux or rhizosphere pH under aluminium exposure.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Elimination of NOe0
- Outcome
- malate efflux or rhizosphere pH changese0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
- Qualifier
- under Al exposuree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elimination of NO, however, did not significantly affect malate efflux or rhizosphere pH changes under Al exposure.”
t0“wheat roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium treatment significantly increased cell-wall polysaccharides, pectin methylesterase activity and pectin demethylation in wheat root apices.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- root apexe0
- Treatment
- Al treatmente0
- Outcome
- cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment.”
t0“wheat roots”
Claim · model-written summary
cPTIO significantly decreased pectin methylesterase activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cPTIO applicatione0
- Outcome
- pectin methylesterase activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous cPTIO application significantly decreased pectin methylesterase activity”
t0“wheat roots”
Claim · model-written summary
cPTIO increased the degree of pectin methylation in wheat root cell walls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- root cell walle0
- Treatment
- cPTIO applicatione1
- Outcome
- degree of methylation of pectine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the degree of methylation of pectin in the root cell wall”
e1“Exogenous cPTIO application”
t0“wheat roots”
Claim · model-written summary
cPTIO decreased aluminium-binding capacity of wheat root pectin.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cPTIO applicatione1
- Outcome
- Al-binding capacity of pectine0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thus decreasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin”
e1“Exogenous cPTIO application”
t0“wheat roots”
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