Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) and winter (rabi) seasons of 201314 and 201415 at New Delhi, to evaluate the effect of 2 methods of cotton establishment (direct sowing and transplanting) and 5 zinc-levels (control, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 kg Zn/ha and 0.5% zinc sulphate foliar spray at 60 and 90 days after planting ) on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and their residual and direct effect of 5.0 kg Zn/ha in place of foliar treatment on the succeeding wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.] and onion (Allium cepa L.) crop. In this re- search paper residual effect of treatments applied to cotton and direct effect of Zn on onion has been presented along with system productivity and resource-use efficiency. Productivity of cotton and onion was higher during 201314 than 201415. Onion recorded significantly higher economic parameters and nutrient uptake after trans- planted cotton than direct sown. Onion produced statistically similar growth and yield attributes, bulb yield, gross and net returns and nutrient uptake, due to direct application of 5.0 kg Zn/ha and residual effect of 5.0 and 7.5 kg Zn/ha to cotton, which were significantly superior to control and residual effect of 2.5 kg Zn/ha. Based on 2 years average, gain in net returns was 40,350, 43,200 and 47,950/ha due to residual effect of 5.0/7.5 kg Zn/ha and direct effect of 5.0 kg Zn/ha over control. Both residual and direct effect of Zn found to enhance the quality of bulb in terms of Zn enrichment and on an average 32.0, 31.8% and 36.2% increase in Zn uptake was recorded due to residual effect of 5.0/7.5 kg Zn/ha and direct effect of 5.0 kg Zn/ha respectively. Based on 2-years average, sys- tem productivity in terms of seed cotton equivalent yield (9.45 t/ha), production efficiency (27.0 kg/ha/day), eco- nomic efficiency (736.9 /ha/day) and irrigation water productivity (1.16 kg/m3) of transplanted cottononion crop- ping system was significantly greater than the direct sown cottononion system. Successive increase in Zn-levels caused significant increase in system productivity, production efficiency, economic efficiency and irrigation water productivity up to application of 5.0 kg Zn/ha. So based on the study it is concluded that in Bt cottononion crop- ping systems 5.0 kg Zn/ha to Bt cotton is sufficient to meet the zinc requirement of both the crop and transplanted cotton is better than direct sown cotton.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanted cotton, compared with direct sown cotton, gave onion significantly higher economic parameters and nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- Onion
Allium cepae1 - Treatment
- trans- planted cottone1
- Outcome
- economic parameters and nutrient uptakee1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- direct sowne1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Onion recorded significantly higher economic parameters and nutrient uptake after trans- planted cotton than direct sown.”
t1“effect on onion (Allium cepa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct application of 5.0 kg Zn/ha produced onion growth and yield attributes and bulb yield significantly superior to control.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat1
- Treatment
- direct application of 5.0 kg Zn/hae2
- Outcome
- growth and yield attributes, bulb yielde2
- Direction
- superiore2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Onion produced statistically similar growth and yield attributes, bulb yield, gross and net returns and nutrient uptake, due to direct application of 5.0 kg Zn/ha and residual effect of 5.0 and 7.5 kg Zn/ha to cotton, which were significantly superior to control and residual effect of 2.5 kg Zn/ha.”
t1“effect on onion (Allium cepa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct application of 5.0 kg Zn/ha gave onion gross and net returns significantly superior to control.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat1
- Treatment
- direct application of 5.0 kg Zn/hae2
- Outcome
- gross and net returnse2
- Direction
- superiore2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Onion produced statistically similar growth and yield attributes, bulb yield, gross and net returns and nutrient uptake, due to direct application of 5.0 kg Zn/ha and residual effect of 5.0 and 7.5 kg Zn/ha to cotton, which were significantly superior to control and residual effect of 2.5 kg Zn/ha.”
t1“effect on onion (Allium cepa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct application of 5.0 kg Zn/ha gave onion nutrient uptake significantly superior to control.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat1
- Treatment
- direct application of 5.0 kg Zn/hae2
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee2
- Direction
- superiore2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Onion produced statistically similar growth and yield attributes, bulb yield, gross and net returns and nutrient uptake, due to direct application of 5.0 kg Zn/ha and residual effect of 5.0 and 7.5 kg Zn/ha to cotton, which were significantly superior to control and residual effect of 2.5 kg Zn/ha.”
t1“effect on onion (Allium cepa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual effect of 5.0 and 7.5 kg Zn/ha to cotton gave onion bulb yield significantly superior to control.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat1
- Treatment
- residual effect of 5.0 and 7.5 kg Zn/ha to cottone2
- Outcome
- bulb yielde2
- Direction
- superiore2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Onion produced statistically similar growth and yield attributes, bulb yield, gross and net returns and nutrient uptake, due to direct application of 5.0 kg Zn/ha and residual effect of 5.0 and 7.5 kg Zn/ha to cotton, which were significantly superior to control and residual effect of 2.5 kg Zn/ha.”
t1“effect on onion (Allium cepa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Both residual and direct Zn application were found to enhance the quality of onion bulb in terms of Zn enrichment.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat1
- Treatment
- residual and direct effect of Zne3
- Outcome
- quality of bulb in terms of Zn enrichmente3
- Direction
- enhancee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Both residual and direct effect of Zn found to enhance the quality of bulb in terms of Zn enrichment and on an average 32.0, 31.8% and 36.2% increase in Zn uptake was recorded due to residual effect of 5.0/7.5 kg Zn/ha and direct effect of 5.0 kg Zn/ha respectively.”
t1“effect on onion (Allium cepa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual effect of 5.0/7.5 kg Zn/ha and direct effect of 5.0 kg Zn/ha increased onion Zn uptake by 32.0, 31.8% and 36.2%.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat1
- Treatment
- residual effect of 5.0/7.5 kg Zn/ha and direct effect of 5.0 kg Zn/hae3
- Outcome
- Zn uptakee3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- 32.0, 31.8% and 36.2%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Both residual and direct effect of Zn found to enhance the quality of bulb in terms of Zn enrichment and on an average 32.0, 31.8% and 36.2% increase in Zn uptake was recorded due to residual effect of 5.0/7.5 kg Zn/ha and direct effect of 5.0 kg Zn/ha respectively.”
t1“effect on onion (Allium cepa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanted cottononion cropping system gave seed cotton equivalent yield of 9.45 t/ha, greater than the direct sown system.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- transplanted cottononion crop- ping systeme4
- Outcome
- seed cotton equivalent yielde4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Value
- 9.45 t/hae4
- Comparator
- direct sown cottononion systeme4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“sys- tem productivity in terms of seed cotton equivalent yield (9.45 t/ha), production efficiency (27.0 kg/ha/day), eco- nomic efficiency (736.9 /ha/day) and irrigation water productivity (1.16 kg/m3) of transplanted cottononion crop- ping system was significantly greater than the direct sown cottononion system.”
t0“Methods of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanted cottononion cropping system gave production efficiency of 27.0 kg/ha/day, greater than the direct sown system.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- transplanted cottononion crop- ping systeme4
- Outcome
- production efficiencye4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Value
- 27.0 kg/ha/daye4
- Comparator
- direct sown cottononion systeme4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“sys- tem productivity in terms of seed cotton equivalent yield (9.45 t/ha), production efficiency (27.0 kg/ha/day), eco- nomic efficiency (736.9 /ha/day) and irrigation water productivity (1.16 kg/m3) of transplanted cottononion crop- ping system was significantly greater than the direct sown cottononion system.”
t0“Methods of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanted cottononion cropping system gave economic efficiency of 736.9 /ha/day, greater than the direct sown system.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- transplanted cottononion crop- ping systeme4
- Outcome
- efficiencye4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Value
- 736.9 /ha/daye4
- Comparator
- direct sown cottononion systeme4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“sys- tem productivity in terms of seed cotton equivalent yield (9.45 t/ha), production efficiency (27.0 kg/ha/day), eco- nomic efficiency (736.9 /ha/day) and irrigation water productivity (1.16 kg/m3) of transplanted cottononion crop- ping system was significantly greater than the direct sown cottononion system.”
t0“Methods of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanted cottononion cropping system gave irrigation water productivity of 1.16 kg/m3, greater than the direct sown system.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- transplanted cottononion crop- ping systeme4
- Outcome
- irrigation water productivitye4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Value
- 1.16 kg/m3e4
- Comparator
- direct sown cottononion systeme4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“sys- tem productivity in terms of seed cotton equivalent yield (9.45 t/ha), production efficiency (27.0 kg/ha/day), eco- nomic efficiency (736.9 /ha/day) and irrigation water productivity (1.16 kg/m3) of transplanted cottononion crop- ping system was significantly greater than the direct sown cottononion system.”
t0“Methods of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Successive increase in Zn levels significantly increased system productivity up to application of 5.0 kg Zn/ha.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Successive increase in Zn-levelse5
- Outcome
- system productivitye5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Qualifier
- up to application of 5.0 kg Zn/hae5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Successive increase in Zn-levels caused significant increase in system productivity, production efficiency, economic efficiency and irrigation water productivity up to application of 5.0 kg Zn/ha.”
t0“Methods of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Productivity of cotton and onion was higher in 2013-14 than in 2014-15.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- Productivity of cotton and onione6
- Direction
- highere6
- Comparator
- 201415e6
- Setting
- 201314e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Productivity of cotton and onion was higher during 201314 than 201415.”
t0“Methods of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)”
Claim · model-written summary
For Bt cotton-onion systems, 5.0 kg Zn/ha to Bt cotton is recommended to meet the zinc requirement of both the crop.
Verbatim
e7“So based on the study it is concluded that in Bt cottononion crop- ping systems 5.0 kg Zn/ha to Bt cotton is sufficient to meet the zinc requirement of both the crop and transplanted cotton is better than direct sown cotton.”
t0“Methods of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanted cotton is recommended over direct sown cotton in the cotton-onion system.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- transplanted cotton is better than direct sown cottone7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“So based on the study it is concluded that in Bt cottononion crop- ping systems 5.0 kg Zn/ha to Bt cotton is sufficient to meet the zinc requirement of both the crop and transplanted cotton is better than direct sown cotton.”
t0“Methods of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual and direct Zn treatments gave a gain in onion net returns of 40,350, 43,200 and 47,950/ha over control.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat1
- Treatment
- residual effect of 5.0/7.5 kg Zn/ha and direct effect of 5.0 kg Zn/hae0
- Outcome
- gain in net returnse0
- Direction
- gaine0
- Value
- 40,350, 43,200 and 47,950/hae0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Based on 2 years average, gain in net returns was 40,350, 43,200 and 47,950/ha due to residual effect of 5.0/7.5 kg Zn/ha and direct effect of 5.0 kg Zn/ha over control.”
t1“effect on onion (Allium cepa)”
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See all 48 papers →transplanting · physiology: water · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.