Abstract
SummaryWeed management studies in onions grown from seedlings were conducted during 2006 and 2007 at the National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. Applications of pendimethalin at 0.825 l a.i. ha–1, or oxadiazon at 0.240 l a.i. ha–1, 2 d after transplanting (DAT) seedlings were evaluated alone, and in combination with one manual weeding, for their effects on weed competition and bulb yields. Other weed control treatments included the application of rice straw mulch 2 weeks after transplanting (WAT) combined with one manual weeding at 9 WAT, or a newspaper and rice straw mulch applied 2 WAT. Compared to the weed-free situation, competition with weeds caused reductions in bulb yields of 62% and 68% during the first and second year, respectively. Polygonum plebejum, Amaranthus viridis, Cyperus rotundus, and Coronopus didymus were the dominant weeds recorded in the field. Mulching reduced weeds by 56 – 60% compared to the chemical weed treatments. Compared to the weed-free treatment (four manual weedings at monthly intervals), which is a traditional method to control weeds in onion, bulb yields increased significantly under the rice straw mulch or when treated with pendimethalin in combination with one manual weeding at 9 WAT. The latter two treatments, on average, resulted in the highest increases of 26 t ha–1 and 24 t ha–1 in bulb yields with net returns of US$ 1,522 ha–1 and US$ 1,486 ha–1, respectively over the non-treated control.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Weed competition reduced onion bulb yield by 62% in the first year.
- Taxon
- onion
Allium cepat0 - Treatment
- competition with weedse0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- bulb yieldse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 62%e0
- Comparator
- weed-free situatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the weed-free situation, competition with weeds caused reductions in bulb yields of 62% and 68% during the first and second year, respectively”
t0“Weed management in onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed competition reduced onion bulb yield by 68% in the second year.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- competition with weedse0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- bulb yieldse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 68%e0
- Comparator
- weed-free situatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the weed-free situation, competition with weeds caused reductions in bulb yields of 62% and 68% during the first and second year, respectively”
t0“Weed management in onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Polygonum plebejum and Amaranthus viridis were dominant onion field weeds.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Interactor
- Polygonum plebejume0weed
- Second interactor
- Amaranthus viridis
Amaranthus viridise0weed - Outcome
- dominant weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Polygonum plebejum, Amaranthus viridis, Cyperus rotundus, and Coronopus didymus were the dominant weeds recorded in the field”
t0“Weed management in onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyperus rotundus and Coronopus didymus were dominant onion field weeds.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Interactor
- Cyperus rotundus
Cyperus rotunduse0weed - Second interactor
- Coronopus didymus
Lepidium didymume0weed - Outcome
- dominant weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Polygonum plebejum, Amaranthus viridis, Cyperus rotundus, and Coronopus didymus were the dominant weeds recorded in the field”
t0“Weed management in onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching reduced weeds by 56 – 60% versus chemical treatments.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Mulchinge0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 56 – 60%e0
- Comparator
- chemical weed treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mulching reduced weeds by 56 – 60% compared to the chemical weed treatments”
t0“Weed management in onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw mulch significantly increased onion bulb yield relative to the weed-free treatment.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- rice straw mulche0
- Outcome
- bulb yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- weed-free treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the weed-free treatment (four manual weedings at monthly intervals), which is a traditional method to control weeds in onion, bulb yields increased significantly under the rice straw mulch”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus manual weeding significantly increased onion bulb yield relative to the weed-free treatment.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin in combination with one manual weeding at 9 WATe0
- Outcome
- bulb yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- weed-free treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bulb yields increased significantly under the rice straw mulch or when treated with pendimethalin in combination with one manual weeding at 9 WAT”
t0“Weed management in onion”
e1“Compared to the weed-free treatment (four manual weedings at monthly intervals)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw mulch produced a 26 t ha–1 bulb yield increase versus untreated control.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- rice straw mulche1
- Outcome
- bulb yieldse0
- Direction
- highest increasese0
- Value
- 26 t ha–1e0
- Comparator
- non-treated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The latter two treatments, on average, resulted in the highest increases of 26 t ha–1 and 24 t ha–1 in bulb yields with net returns of US$ 1,522 ha–1 and US$ 1,486 ha–1, respectively over the non-treated control”
t0“Weed management in onion”
e1“bulb yields increased significantly under the rice straw mulch or when treated with pendimethalin in combination with one manual weeding at 9 WAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus manual weeding produced a 24 t ha–1 bulb yield increase versus untreated control.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- pendimethaline1
- Outcome
- bulb yieldse0
- Direction
- highest increasese0
- Value
- 24 t ha–1e0
- Comparator
- non-treated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The latter two treatments, on average, resulted in the highest increases of 26 t ha–1 and 24 t ha–1 in bulb yields with net returns of US$ 1,522 ha–1 and US$ 1,486 ha–1, respectively over the non-treated control”
t0“Weed management in onion”
e1“bulb yields increased significantly under the rice straw mulch or when treated with pendimethalin in combination with one manual weeding at 9 WAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw mulch yielded net returns of US$ 1,522 ha–1.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- rice straw mulche1
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- highest increasese0
- Value
- US$ 1,522 ha–1e0
- Comparator
- non-treated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The latter two treatments, on average, resulted in the highest increases of 26 t ha–1 and 24 t ha–1 in bulb yields with net returns of US$ 1,522 ha–1 and US$ 1,486 ha–1, respectively over the non-treated control”
t0“Weed management in onion”
e1“bulb yields increased significantly under the rice straw mulch or when treated with pendimethalin in combination with one manual weeding at 9 WAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus manual weeding yielded net returns of US$ 1,486 ha–1.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- pendimethaline1
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- highest increasese0
- Value
- US$ 1,486 ha–1e0
- Comparator
- non-treated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The latter two treatments, on average, resulted in the highest increases of 26 t ha–1 and 24 t ha–1 in bulb yields with net returns of US$ 1,522 ha–1 and US$ 1,486 ha–1, respectively over the non-treated control”
t0“Weed management in onion”
e1“bulb yields increased significantly under the rice straw mulch or when treated with pendimethalin in combination with one manual weeding at 9 WAT”
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