Abstract
The effects of four herbicides,2,4-D butyl,tribenuron-methyl,fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and sigma,on flag leaves photosynthesis characteristics,yield and quality of two wheat varieties,'Linyou 145' and 'Linfen 138',were studied in field experiment.The results showed that,using 2,4-D butyl,flag leaves SPAD value and Pn were the lowest during all filling stage among the four herbicides,1 000-kernel weight and yield were lower observably than the contrast.Using tribenuron-methyl,flag leaves SPAD value and Pn were higher during early filling stage,and declined rapidly in middle and late filling stages,filling continue stages were shortened,and yield were close to the contrast.Using Sigma,flag leaves SPAD value and Pn were lower during early and middle filling stages,and declined slowly in late filling stage.On the same time,filling continue stage was prolonged;1 000-kernel weight and yield were higher than the contrast and other treatments.Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl has little effect on photosynthesis characteristics of flag leaves and yield.Using 2,4-D butyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl,protein content,wet gluten,sedimentation value,water absorption and valorimeter value were improved,stability time were prolonged,and development time were close to the contrast.Using tribenuron-methyl and sigma,most quality index were lower than or close to the contrast.In summary,through flag physiologic characteristic and grain filling,herbicides effects 1 000-kernel weight and yield of wheat.And different herbicides had different effect,different wheat varieties also had different effect.2,4-D butyl could improve quality of wheat,but decreased yield remarkably.Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl improved wheat quality,and also increased yield.Sigma can increase yield,but decreased quality.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D butyl gave the lowest flag leaf SPAD and Pn during filling.
- Taxon
- Winter Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- flag leavese0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D butyle0
- Outcome
- SPAD value and Pne0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- four herbicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“using 2,4-D butyl,flag leaves SPAD value and Pn were the lowest during all filling stage among the four herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D butyl lowered 1 000-kernel weight and yield versus the contrast.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D butyle1
- Outcome
- 1 000-kernel weight and yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- the contraste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“1 000-kernel weight and yield were lower observably than the contrast”
e1“using 2,4-D butyl”
Claim · model-written summary
Tribenuron-methyl increased flag leaf SPAD and Pn early in filling, followed by rapid decline.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- tribenuron-methyle0
- Outcome
- SPAD value and Pne0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Using tribenuron-methyl,flag leaves SPAD value and Pn were higher during early filling stage,and declined rapidly in middle and late filling stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Tribenuron-methyl shortened filling duration while yield stayed close to contrast.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- tribenuron-methyle0
- Outcome
- filling continue stagese1
- Direction
- shortenede1
- Comparator
- the contraste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Using tribenuron-methyl,flag leaves SPAD value”
e1“filling continue stages were shortened,and yield were close to the contrast”
Claim · model-written summary
Sigma lowered early and middle filling SPAD and Pn, then slowed their decline.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Sigmae0
- Outcome
- SPAD value and Pne0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Using Sigma,flag leaves SPAD value and Pn were lower during early and middle filling stages,and declined slowly in late filling stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Sigma prolonged filling and increased kernel weight and yield.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Sigmae0
- Outcome
- 1 000-kernel weight and yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- the contrast and other treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Using Sigma”
e1“filling continue stage was prolonged;1 000-kernel weight and yield were higher than the contrast and other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl had little effect on flag leaf photosynthesis and yield.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Fenoxaprop-P-ethyle0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis characteristics of flag leaves and yielde0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl has little effect on photosynthesis characteristics of flag leaves and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D butyl improved wheat quality indexes.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D butyle0
- Outcome
- protein content,wet gluten,sedimentation valuee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Using 2,4-D butyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl,protein content,wet gluten,sedimentation value,water absorption and valorimeter value were improved”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl improved wheat quality indexes.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fenoxaprop-P-ethyle0
- Outcome
- protein content,wet gluten,sedimentation valuee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Using 2,4-D butyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl,protein content,wet gluten,sedimentation value,water absorption and valorimeter value were improved”
Claim · model-written summary
Tribenuron-methyl quality indexes were mostly lower or close to contrast.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- tribenuron-methyle0
- Outcome
- most quality indexe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- the contraste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Using tribenuron-methyl and sigma,most quality index were lower than or close to the contrast”
Claim · model-written summary
Sigma quality indexes were mostly lower or close to contrast.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sigmae0
- Outcome
- most quality indexe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- the contraste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Using tribenuron-methyl and sigma,most quality index were lower than or close to the contrast”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · quality: protein · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →2,4-D · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
37 papers in the same direction as this paper · 78 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
112 papers more in this group
See all 116 papers →butyl group · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
2,4-D · physiology: photosynthesis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →butyl group · quality: protein · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
tribenuron methyl · quality: general · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
butyl group · physiology: photosynthesis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.