Abstract
A field experiment with a split plot design was conducted to investigate the effects of different Zn application methods(soil application or foliar spray) on grain Zn concentration and Zn bioavailability of 5 winter wheat cultivars in potentially zinc(Zn)-deficient calcareous soil.The results show that there are little effects of applying Zn fertilizer on grain yield of wheat,while the grain Zn concentration is significantly increased under certain methods of Zn application.Compared with the control treatment(no Zn application),the grain Zn concentrations are increased by-6.1%,63.9% and 82.6% under the methods of soil application,foliar spray and soil+foliar application of Zn fertilizers,and the grain Zn uptakes are increased by-3.6%,69% and 83%,respectively.The phytic acid concentrations are decreased by-2.4%,7.2% and 1.5% and the phytic acids to Zn molar ratios are decreased by-25%,41% and 44% of the three treatments,respectively,and there are differences of the phytic acid concentration and the ratio among wheat cultivars.Although the molar ratios of phytic acid to Zn are decreased by the Zn applications,the ratios are still higher than 20.The soil application of Zn can increase the content of soil DTPA-Zn significantly,while the effects of the soil application of Zn on grain Zn concentration and bioavailability are not significant.In conclusion,comparing with the 3 Zn application methods,the foliar application of Zn fertilizer to wheat at the late growth stage(for example,the milk and dough stage) is an economical and effective method to attain high Zn concentration and bioavailability,and to improve the Zn quality of wheat grain in potentially Zn-deficiency calcareous soil.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertilizer had little effect on wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- applying Zn fertilizere0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- little effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there are little effects of applying Zn fertilizer on grain yield of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Some Zn application methods significantly increased wheat grain Zn concentration.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- certain methods of Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the grain Zn concentration is significantly increased under certain methods of Zn application”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Zn application changed grain Zn concentration by -6.1% versus control.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain Zn concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- -6.1%e0
- Comparator
- control treatment(no Zn application)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the grain Zn concentrations are increased by-6.1%,63.9% and 82.6% under the methods of soil application,foliar spray and soil+foliar application of Zn fertilizers”
t0“winter wheat”
e1“Compared with the control treatment(no Zn application),the grain Zn concentrations are increased by-6.1%,63.9% and 82.6% under the methods of soil application,foliar spray and soil+foliar application of Zn fertilizers,and the grain Zn uptakes are increased by-3.6%,69% and 83%,respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Zn increased grain Zn concentration by 63.9%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliar spraye0
- Outcome
- grain Zn concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 63.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the grain Zn concentrations are increased by-6.1%,63.9% and 82.6% under the methods of soil application,foliar spray and soil+foliar application of Zn fertilizers”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined soil and foliar Zn increased grain Zn concentration by 82.6%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil+foliar application of Zn fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- grain Zn concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 82.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the grain Zn concentrations are increased by-6.1%,63.9% and 82.6% under the methods of soil application,foliar spray and soil+foliar application of Zn fertilizers”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Zn changed grain Zn uptake by -3.6%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil applicatione1
- Outcome
- grain Zn uptakese0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- -3.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the grain Zn uptakes are increased by-3.6%,69% and 83%,respectively”
t0“winter wheat”
e1“Compared with the control treatment(no Zn application),the grain Zn concentrations are increased by-6.1%,63.9% and 82.6% under the methods of soil application,foliar spray and soil+foliar application of Zn fertilizers,and the grain Zn uptakes are increased by-3.6%,69% and 83%,respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Zn increased grain Zn uptake by 69%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliar spraye1
- Outcome
- grain Zn uptakese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 69%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the grain Zn uptakes are increased by-3.6%,69% and 83%,respectively”
t0“winter wheat”
e1“Compared with the control treatment(no Zn application),the grain Zn concentrations are increased by-6.1%,63.9% and 82.6% under the methods of soil application,foliar spray and soil+foliar application of Zn fertilizers,and the grain Zn uptakes are increased by-3.6%,69% and 83%,respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined soil and foliar Zn increased grain Zn uptake by 83%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil+foliar application of Zn fertilizerse1
- Outcome
- grain Zn uptakese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 83%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the grain Zn uptakes are increased by-3.6%,69% and 83%,respectively”
t0“winter wheat”
e1“Compared with the control treatment(no Zn application),the grain Zn concentrations are increased by-6.1%,63.9% and 82.6% under the methods of soil application,foliar spray and soil+foliar application of Zn fertilizers,and the grain Zn uptakes are increased by-3.6%,69% and 83%,respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Zn changed grain phytic acid concentration by -2.4%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil applicatione1
- Outcome
- phytic acid concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- -2.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phytic acid concentrations are decreased by-2.4%,7.2% and 1.5%”
t0“winter wheat”
e1“Compared with the control treatment(no Zn application),the grain Zn concentrations are increased by-6.1%,63.9% and 82.6% under the methods of soil application,foliar spray and soil+foliar application of Zn fertilizers,and the grain Zn uptakes are increased by-3.6%,69% and 83%,respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Zn decreased grain phytic acid concentration by 7.2%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliar spraye1
- Outcome
- phytic acid concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 7.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phytic acid concentrations are decreased by-2.4%,7.2% and 1.5%”
t0“winter wheat”
e1“Compared with the control treatment(no Zn application),the grain Zn concentrations are increased by-6.1%,63.9% and 82.6% under the methods of soil application,foliar spray and soil+foliar application of Zn fertilizers,and the grain Zn uptakes are increased by-3.6%,69% and 83%,respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined soil and foliar Zn decreased grain phytic acid concentration by 1.5%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil+foliar application of Zn fertilizerse1
- Outcome
- phytic acid concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 1.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phytic acid concentrations are decreased by-2.4%,7.2% and 1.5%”
t0“winter wheat”
e1“Compared with the control treatment(no Zn application),the grain Zn concentrations are increased by-6.1%,63.9% and 82.6% under the methods of soil application,foliar spray and soil+foliar application of Zn fertilizers,and the grain Zn uptakes are increased by-3.6%,69% and 83%,respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Zn changed the phytic acid to Zn molar ratio by -25%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil applicatione1
- Outcome
- phytic acids to Zn molar ratiose0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- -25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the phytic acids to Zn molar ratios are decreased by-25%,41% and 44%”
t0“winter wheat”
e1“Compared with the control treatment(no Zn application),the grain Zn concentrations are increased by-6.1%,63.9% and 82.6% under the methods of soil application,foliar spray and soil+foliar application of Zn fertilizers,and the grain Zn uptakes are increased by-3.6%,69% and 83%,respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Zn decreased the phytic acid to Zn molar ratio by 41%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliar spraye1
- Outcome
- phytic acids to Zn molar ratiose0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 41%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the phytic acids to Zn molar ratios are decreased by-25%,41% and 44%”
t0“winter wheat”
e1“Compared with the control treatment(no Zn application),the grain Zn concentrations are increased by-6.1%,63.9% and 82.6% under the methods of soil application,foliar spray and soil+foliar application of Zn fertilizers,and the grain Zn uptakes are increased by-3.6%,69% and 83%,respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined soil and foliar Zn decreased the phytic acid to Zn molar ratio by 44%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil+foliar application of Zn fertilizerse1
- Outcome
- phytic acids to Zn molar ratiose0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the phytic acids to Zn molar ratios are decreased by-25%,41% and 44%”
t0“winter wheat”
e1“Compared with the control treatment(no Zn application),the grain Zn concentrations are increased by-6.1%,63.9% and 82.6% under the methods of soil application,foliar spray and soil+foliar application of Zn fertilizers,and the grain Zn uptakes are increased by-3.6%,69% and 83%,respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The phytic acid to Zn molar ratio remained above 20 after Zn applications.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn applicationse0
- Outcome
- molar ratios of phytic acid to Zne0
- Direction
- higher thane0
- Value
- 20e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although the molar ratios of phytic acid to Zn are decreased by the Zn applications,the ratios are still higher than 20”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Zn application significantly increased soil DTPA-Zn.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil application of Zne0
- Outcome
- content of soil DTPA-Zne0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil application of Zn can increase the content of soil DTPA-Zn significantly”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Zn application had no significant effect on grain Zn concentration and bioavailability.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil application of Zne0
- Outcome
- grain Zn concentration and bioavailabilitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of the soil application of Zn on grain Zn concentration and bioavailability are not significant”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend late-stage foliar Zn for high wheat grain Zn and bioavailability.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- milk and dough stagee0
- Outcome
- foliar application of Zn fertilizere0
- Qualifier
- potentially Zn-deficiency calcareous soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the foliar application of Zn fertilizer to wheat at the late growth stage(for example,the milk and dough stage) is an economical and effective method to attain high Zn concentration and bioavailability,and to improve the Zn quality of wheat grain in potentially Zn-deficiency calcareous soil”
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